關於 act on sth ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

[時事英文] 美國和中國準備「離婚」了

Do you foresee an amicable divorce or an ________ one?

想知道答案的同學請留言「Divorce is never easy.」。

amicable (adj.) 心平氣和的；不傷和氣的

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《紐約時報》報導:

Love it or hate it, the U.S.-China partnership that was forged between 1979 and 2019 delivered a lot of prosperity to a lot of people and a lot of relative peace to the world — and, baby, we will miss it when it’s gone.

1. be forged 被（尤指努力地）建立，製造，生産
2. deliver 實現；產生；兌現（諾言）*
3. prosperity 繁榮
4. relative peace 相對和平

愛也罷，恨也罷，美中自1979年至2019年建立的夥伴關係為很多人帶來了巨大的繁榮，也為世界帶來了相對的和平——寶貝，當它消失之後，我們會懷念的。

*deliver: https://bit.ly/2BGlyOT

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“Both sides are saying, ‘We’ve had enough of you,” remarked Jim McGregor, chairman of APCO Worldwide for Greater China. And as Trump himself put it in a tweet last week, the U.S. has the option “of a complete decoupling from China.”

5. both sides 雙方
6. We have had enough. 我們受夠了
7. as…put it 正如…所說，表述*
8. a complete decoupling 徹底脫鉤

「雙方都在說，『我們受夠你們了』，」安可顧問公司(APCO Worldwide)大中華區主席麥健陸(Jim McGregor)說。正如川普本週發推所說的那樣，美國可以選擇「與中國徹底脫鉤」。

*put it: https://bit.ly/2ZaSC9C

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These four decades of unconscious coupling hurt some workers, benefited many others and especially benefited consumers; it also took the edge off the natural rivalry between the world’s most powerful country and the most important rising power and enabled them to collaborate on global problems, like climate change and the post-2008 economic crisis.

9. unconscious coupling 無意中的婚姻，結合*
10. benefit consumers 使消費者受益
11. take the edge off 緩和了; 減弱，削弱（不良事物的影響）
12. natural rivalry 天然競爭
13. rising power 新興政權
14. collaborate on… 在…合作，協作
15. climate change 氣候變化
16. economic crisis 經濟危機

40年無意中的婚姻傷害了一些工人，但也使很多人受益，特別是消費者；這段關係還緩和了世界上最強大的國家與最重要的新興大國之間的天然競爭，使它們能在全球問題上合作，比如應對氣候變化和2008年後的經濟危機。

*couple (v.): https://bit.ly/31jakdT

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But the unconscious coupling is over. Henceforth, it will be more hedged, opportunities will be more restricted and the relationship will be full of a lot more conscious suspicion and fear that a rupture could happen at any time.

17. henceforth 從現在開始，從此以後
18. be hedged 受到更多束縛，嚴格限制
19. conscious suspicion 有意識的懷疑
20. a rupture 破裂

但是這段無意中的婚姻已經結束。今後，它將受到更多束縛，機會將受到更多限制，這段關係將充斥有意識的懷疑，以及對其隨時可能破裂的擔憂。

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Summing up the relationship today, McGregor, of APCO Worldwide, noted: “I don’t know if the Chinese are taking America seriously anymore. They are happy to just let us keep damaging ourselves. We have to wake up and grow up” — and get our own act and allies together. China respects one thing only: leverage. Today, we have too little and China has too much.

21. sum (sth/sb) up 總結，概述，概括*
22. take… seriously 把…當回事; 嚴肅地看待…
23. wake up 醒悟
24. get your act together (informal) 振作自己；有條理地行事；合理安排
25. leverage 影響力

總結當今的關係，安可顧問公司的麥健陸指出：「我不知道中國人是否還會把美國當回事。他們樂意看到我們繼續傷害自己。我們必須醒悟過來、成長起來」——並且還要團結一致，與盟友並肩。中國尊重的只有一個東西：影響力。今天，我們擁有的影響力太少，而中國則擁有太多。

* sum (sth/sb) up https://bit.ly/2Nwv21H

《紐約時報》完整報導：https://nyti.ms/2NyvNHu

圖片出處: https://bit.ly/3eE8UOW

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發音網站:
https://youglish.com/pronounce/eclipse/english/uk?
https://www.howtopronounce.com/

五大線上英文字典: http://bit.ly/2WcDZTH

★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
時事英文講義：https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
＃國際時事英文

★★★★★★★★★★★★

來拿我們的【新聞英文-Marketing & Influencers 補充包】
https://bit.ly/2YJPZvb

［時事英文］蓬佩奧向台灣總統致意
　
Congratulations to President Tsai and the people of Taiwan for our hard-earned freedom and democracy!
　
祝賀蔡總統與臺灣人民得來不易的自由與民主！
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
美國國務卿蓬佩奧（Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State）新聞聲明：
　
I would like to congratulate Dr. Tsai Ing-wen on the commencement of her second term as Taiwan’s President. Her re-election by a huge margin shows that she has earned the respect, admiration, and trust of the people on Taiwan. Her courage and vision in leading Taiwan’s vibrant democracy is an inspiration to the region and the world.
　
1. congratulate sb (on sth) 祝賀；慶賀；恭喜*
2. commencement 開端
3. second term 第二個任期
4. by a huge margin 大幅度地
5. earn the respect, admiration, and trust of 贏得⋯⋯的尊重、欽佩與信任
6. a vibrant democracy 臺灣生機蓬勃的民主
7. an inspiration to the world 對世界的啟發（或鼓舞）
　
恭喜蔡英文總統展開第二個任期，蔡總統高票當選連任，顯示她已贏得台灣人民的尊重、欽佩及信任。蔡總統帶領活力民主台灣的勇氣和願景，堪稱印太地區及全世界的表率。
　
*詳參：https://bit.ly/2TmJSuO
　
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The United States has long considered Taiwan a force for good in the world and a reliable partner. Support for Taiwan in the United States is bipartisan and unanimous, as demonstrated by the recent enactment of the TAIPEI Act which strengthens our overall relationship and supports a closer economic partnership. We have a shared vision for the region—one that includes rule of law, transparency, prosperity, and security for all. The recent COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for the international community to see why Taiwan’s pandemic-response model is worthy of emulation.
　
8. a force for good 一股良善的力量
9. a reliable partner 一位可靠的夥伴
10. bipartisan 為兩黨派所支持的；包括兩個黨派的
11. unanimous support（團體）意見一致的；（決定或裁決）一致通過的
12. enactment（法律的）頒布
13. The Taipei Act《臺北法案》*
14. strengthen 加強；鞏固
15. a closer economic partnership 更緊密的經濟夥伴關係（或合作關係）
16. a shared vision 共同的願景
17. the rule of law 法治
18. transparency, prosperity, and security for all 透明度
19. Taiwan’s pandemic-response model 臺灣的防疫模式
20. worthy of emulation 效法；仿效
　
美國一直以來都視台灣為世界上一股良善的力量，以及可靠的夥伴。台灣也獲得美國兩黨一致的支持，日前正式生效的《台北法案》就是一個例證，《台北法案》不僅強化美台整體關係，也促進了更緊密的美台經濟合作。我們對印太地區有著共同的願景，一個遵循法治、力行透明、追求繁榮，以及人人享有安全的願景。這次的新冠疫情是一個契機，讓國際社會了解為什麼台灣的防疫模式值得效仿。
　
* 詳參：https://bit.ly/2ZlJuR6
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
As we look toward the future, I am confident that, with President Tsai at the helm, our partnership with Taiwan will continue to flourish. Best wishes for a successful second term.
　
21. look toward the future 展望未來
22. at the helm 掌舵；掌控
23. flourish 興旺；繁盛
24. best wishes 最好的祝福（寫信時對熟人禮貌的結束語）
25. a successful second term 圓滿成功的第二個任期
　
放眼未來，我有信心在蔡總統的領導之下，美台的夥伴關係將持續欣欣向榮。祝福蔡總統第二任期圓滿成功。
　
英文版聲明全文：https://bit.ly/2ACDHML
　
中文版聲明全文：https://bit.ly/3g2t0Ud
　
圖片出處：https://bit.ly/2zWcdBj
　
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蔡總統就職演說全文英文版：https://bit.ly/2AM9RFN
　
蔡總統就職演說全文中文版：https://bit.ly/36m0bxp
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
時事英文講義：https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
如何使用「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
　
＃國際時事英文

[時事英文] Trees can talk!
　
今天是地球日，讓我們了解一下我們的星球吧。太神奇了，我從來不知道樹有可以跟彼此溝通的網路，而且竟然是透過真菌！最神奇的是，樹還能透過這個系統幫助彼此，甚至排擠不受歡迎的植物。
　
在閱讀的同時也享受一下森林的照片，來深呼吸！
　
Forest Sounds：https://youtu.be/d0tU18Ybcvk?t=280
　
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《ＢＢＣ報導》：
　
It's an information superhighway that speeds up interactions between a large, diverse population of individuals. It allows individuals who may be widely separated to communicate and help each other out. But it also allows them to commit new forms of crime.
　
1. the information superhighway 資訊高速公路
2. speed up（使）加速；提高（……的）速度
3. diverse 多種多樣的
4. help each other out 互相幫助
5. commit a crime 犯罪
　
這是一條資訊高速公路，可使龐大且多元的族群互動加速。這讓相距甚遠的個體得以交流並相互協助。但這也使它們犯下新的罪行。
　
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No, we're not talking about the internet, we're talking about fungi. While mushrooms might be the most familiar part of a fungus, most of their bodies are made up of a mass of thin threads, known as a mycelium. We now know that these threads act as a kind of underground internet, linking the roots of different plants. That tree in your garden is probably hooked up to a bush several metres away, thanks to mycelia.
　
6. fungus 真菌*
7. mycelium 菌絲體
8. A be made up of B Ａ是由Ｂ組成的**
9. act as 充當；起⋯⋯作用
10. be hooked up to 連接
11. thanks to sb/sth 幸虧；由於
　
不，我們不是在說網際網路，我們說的是真菌。儘管蘑菇可能是真菌中最為人熟知的部分，但它們的主體大部分是由許多被稱為菌絲體的細絲所組成。如今，我們知道這些細絲就像地下網路，聯繫著不同植物的根。得益於菌絲體，你花園中的那棵樹可能已與幾公尺外的灌木叢相連了。
　
*「fungus」為單數名詞，其複數形在英式英文中作「fungi」，在美式英文中則為「funguses」。詳參《劍橋詞典》：https://bit.ly/3cRxoTt
　
**在「A be made up of B」中，Ｂ通常為複數，表示Ａ是由許多Ｂ所組成，如「This group is made up of 40 girls.」。而「A be made of B」則為「Ａ是由Ｂ製成的」，意即物理變化，在製作過程中原料的本質不變，可以從成品Ａ中辨認出原料Ｂ，例如：「木椅」顯然是由「木頭」製成的——「This chair is made of wood.」。
　
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The more we learn about these underground networks, the more our ideas about plants have to change. They aren't just sitting there quietly growing. By linking to the fungal network they can help out their neighbours by sharing nutrients and information – or sabotage unwelcome plants by spreading toxic chemicals through the network. This "wood wide web", it turns out, even has its own version of cybercrime.
　
12. the more…the more… 愈⋯⋯愈⋯⋯
13. nutrient 養分
14. sabotage 蓄意破壞
15. toxic chemical 毒性化學物質
16. it turns out 原來；結果表明
17. cybercrime 網路犯罪
18. wood wide web 森林資訊網*
　
我們愈瞭解這些地下網路，便愈需改變對植物的想法。它們並不只是靜靜地坐在那裡長大。透過真菌網路的連接，它們可藉由共享營養與資訊來幫助它們的鄰居——或者利用此一網路來散播毒性化學物質以破壞不受歡迎的植物。原來這種「森林資訊網」甚至有它們自己的網路犯罪版本。
　
*由於網址總以「World Wide Web」（全球資訊網）的縮寫「www」開頭，作者遂以「wood wide web」為諧音，來形容植物間的溝通網路。
　
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It has taken decades to piece together what the fungal internet can do. Back in 1997, Suzanne Simard of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver found one of the first pieces of evidence. She showed that Douglas fir and paper birch trees can transfer carbon between them via mycelia. Others have since shown that plants can exchange nitrogen and phosphorus as well, by the same route. Simard now believes large trees help out small, younger ones using the fungal internet. Without this help, she thinks many seedlings wouldn't survive.
　
19. piece together 拼湊
20. Douglas Fir 黃杉（道格拉斯冷杉）
21. Paper Birch 美洲樺（紙皮樺）
22. nitrogen 氮
23. phosphorus 磷
24. by the same route 藉由相同的途徑
25. seedling 幼苗；苗木
　
拼湊真菌網路的作用已花費數十年。１９９７年，溫哥華英屬哥倫比亞大學的蘇珊・西馬德發現了首要證據的其中之一。她證明黃杉與紙皮樺可藉由彼此間的菌絲體轉移碳。此後，其他人證明了植物亦可以相同途徑交換氮和磷。西馬德現在認為，大樹可以真菌網路幫助年紀較輕的小樹木。她認為，沒有這種幫助，許多幼苗或將無法生存。
　
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Another report suggests that tomato plants can 'eavesdrop' on defense responses and increase their disease resistance against potential pathogen. So not only do the mycorrhizae allow plants to share food, they help them defend themselves. It's not just tomatoes that do this. Broad beans also use fungal networks to pick up on impending threats – in this case, hungry aphids. It was found that broad bean seedlings that were not themselves under attack by aphids, but were connected to those that were via fungal mycelia, activated their anti-aphid chemical defenses. Those without mycelia did not.
　
26. eavesdrop on 竊聽
27. defense response 防禦機制
28. disease resistance 抗病性；抗病力
29. pathogen 病原體
30. mycorrhizae 菌根（複數）；mycorrhiza 菌根（單數）
31. broad beans 蠶豆
32. pick up on 注意到（他人未注意到的事物）
33. an impending threat 迫近的威脅
34. aphid 蚜蟲
35. under attack 遭受攻擊
36. chemical defense 化學防禦
　
另一份報告顯示，番茄植物可以「竊聽」防禦機制，並增強它們對潛在病原體的抗病力。因此，菌根不僅可使植物共享食物，還可幫助它們保護自己。不是只有番茄能做到這點。蠶豆也會利用真菌網路來探知即將來臨的威脅——在此一情況下，是飢餓的蚜蟲。蠶豆幼苗本身並不會受蚜蟲攻擊，但藉由真菌的菌絲體與受到襲擊的蠶豆相連接，則會啟動其抗蚜蟲的化學防禦。那些沒有菌絲體的植物並無此一機制。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
But just like the human internet, the fungal internet has a dark side. Our internet undermines privacy and facilitates serious crime – and frequently, allows computer viruses to spread. In the same way, plants' fungal connections mean they are never truly alone, and that malevolent neighbours can harm them. For one thing, some plants steal from each other using the internet. Some of these plants, such as the phantom orchid, “steal” the carbon they need from nearby trees, via the mycelia of fungi that both are connected to.
　
37. have a dark side 有黑暗的一面
38. undermine 損害
39. facilitate 促使
40. in the same way 同樣地
41. never truly alone 從未真正獨自一人
42. malevolent 有惡意的；歹毒的
43. for one thing 首先；一方面
44. steal from 偷竊
45. the phantom orchid 雪蘭（幻影蘭花）
　
但就像人類的網路，真菌的網路也有黑暗的一面。我們的網際網路破壞了隱私並助長了嚴重的犯罪——使電腦病毒經常得以傳播。同樣地，植物間的真菌連結意味著它們並非形單影隻，因此歹毒的鄰居便可傷害它們。一方面，一些植物透過網路相互偷竊。其中如雪蘭，藉由連接彼此的真菌菌絲體從鄰近樹木「竊取」自身所需的碳。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Overall, these fungal networks make communication between plants, including those of different species, faster, and more effective. We don't think about it because we can usually only see what is above ground. But most of the plants you can see are connected below ground, not directly through their roots but via their mycelial connections.
　
46. overall 總體而言
47. fungal networks 真菌網
　
總體而言，這些真菌的網路使植物（包括那些不同種類的植物）之間的通訊更快、更有效率。我們沒想過，因為通常我們只能看見地面上的東西。但多數你可見的植物並非逕由根部而是透過菌絲體的聯繫在地底下相互連接。
　
《ＢＢＣ報導》： https://bbc.in/2zCsLOR
　
圖片出處：之前在溪頭和阿里山拍的 🙂
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
我們的星球是不是超棒的！下次可以試著跟樹木說話。
　
Video：https://youtu.be/yWOqeyPIVRo
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
CLIL（Content and Language Integrated Learning）是將學科內容和外語學習相結合，用外語教授科學、地理、歷史、藝術等內容，從而促進語言和學科知識的雙重學習：http://bit.ly/2K5l3PM
　
CLIL英文詞彙——Math：https://bit.ly/2YdERbc
　
Earth Day 2019：https://bit.ly/2ShSjY4