關於 arthur meaning ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

2０２０年的語言演變
　
社會動盪、全球的緊張局勢持續升級，身為讀者與消費者的我們在面臨不斷湧入的資訊時，必須意識到那些在宣傳（propaganda）中刻意含糊其詞（intentional ambiguity）的情況日益加劇。
　
在政治場域裡，我們看到「雙言巧語」（doublespeak）正在增加，這種語言刻意掩蓋、扭曲或顛倒語意。喬治・歐威爾（George Orwell，1903－1950）於其名著《１９８４》中以「新語」（Newspeak）和「雙重思想」（doublethink）說明此一詞彙。 新語雖遵循著英文語法，但詞彙量卻不斷減少，原本複雜而完整的詞意不斷被簡化為既定觀點的詞語（loaded words）。社群網站的興起，助長了媒體與政治人物對「雙言巧語」的使用。例如，在政治語境中，先制的空中打擊（preemptive airstrikes）可被稱為「降溫策略」（de-escalation tactics），以為和平鋪路。又比如，有些針對特定種族的集中營（internment camps）被稱為教育與訓練中心（vocational education and training centers）。
　
歐威爾還創造了「雙重思想」一詞，意指受試者被迫接受兩種自相矛盾的信念是正確的。該意識形態的三個核心教義為——「戰爭即和平」（war is peace）、「自由即奴役」（freedom is slavery）以及「無知即力量」（ignorance is strength）。這些教條是否讓你聯想到世上那些極權政府（totalitarian regimes）的宣傳？
　
由於嚴厲的審查制度，以及相關法規的懲處機制，人們不斷發明新的詞彙來躲避演算法的審查，並以間接言語行為（indirect speech act）來表達自身觀點。在中國最廣為人知的諧音詞 (homophone) 就是——「河蟹」。「河蟹」是對中國前國家主席胡錦濤「和諧社會」倡議的一種嘲諷。該倡議試圖打壓異議，而「河蟹」的語音則近於「和諧」。起初，網民嘲諷政府的審查員藉由刪除貼文來「和諧」網路上的異議人士。最終，「被和諧」一詞遂演變為「被河蟹」，以規避政府的審查，並被許多中國的網路社群廣泛使用。
　
如今，以此類方式來規避審查 (evade censorship) 已變得更為普遍。按美國實驗心理學家、認知科學家兼科普作家史迪芬・平克（Steven Arthur Pinker）於２００８年所指出者，間接言語行為係指人們未明確表達自身觀點，反而將其意圖隱藏在字面意義之下。在間接言語行為的脈絡中，唯有說話者才能確定其意涵（individual knowledge），而他人則須依靠前後文來仔細推敲。但若單就字面意思 (literal meaning) 來看，每個人都能輕易地理解該詞意涵（mutual knowledge）。例如，在極權政府治下，於網路上公開批評政府對公衛危機的處理不當，將引來相關法律的制裁，因為可能會被人舉報。但也可藉由讚揚「政府的行動非常有效，連死者都要感謝政府的辛勤付出」來間接表達自己的不滿。這種誇張的說法顯然與事實不符，但只有說話者知曉個中意涵，而他人只能自行揣測，這為說話者提供了一定程度的保障。因此，隨著審查制度的擴大，間接言語行為亦將蓬勃發展，以滿足自由交流與表達自身觀點的需求。
　
身為網路公民的我們能做些什麼？對宣傳中那些試圖掩蓋並扭曲真相的語言，保持警覺；持續創造新的表達方式，來規避那些箝制思想與言論自由的審查；提醒自己進行批判性思考，以辨識邏輯謬誤並做出明智的決定。
　
參考資料：

Huaxia. (2019, August 16). Full Text: Vocational Education and Training in Xinjiang. Retrieved July 04, 2020, from http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/16/c_138313359.htm

McManus, D. (2020, January 05). Column: Trump's Orwellian doublespeak on Iran. Retrieved July 04, 2020, from https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-01-05/column-trumps-orwellian-double-speak-on-iran

Minin-White, D. (2017). Political Speech, Doublespeak, And Critical-Thinking Skills In American Education.

Monitor, I. (2018, June 21). The Chinese Language as a Weapon: How China's Netizens Fight Censorship. Retrieved July 04, 2020, from https://medium.com/berkman-klein-center/the-chinese-language-as-a-weapon-how-chinas-netizens-fight-censorship-8389516ed1a6

Orwell, George (2008). 1984. Penguin Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-14-103614-4.

Pinker, S., Nowak, M. A., & Lee, J. J. (2008). The logic of indirect speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences, 105(3), 833-838.

圖片出處：https://www.tumblr.com/tagged/ingsoc

★★★★★★★★★★★★

什麼是模糊性（ambiguity），為什麼學生需要它？
https://bit.ly/31I6B9T

Voices of Photography 攝影之聲
Issue 26 : 末日棲居
Dwelling in the Apocalypse

面對不可預期的來日，我們是否與德國詩人腓特烈．賀德林曾言的「詩意地棲居」更加疏遠？災害與戰禍、虛假與算計，人類世界無限擴張的野心和欲望未曾降低，人的存在也愈來愈難以賦添詩意。而衝突升高的國際政治情勢，使此刻相隔末日只剩兩分鐘的「末日時鐘」竟回到與1953年冷戰時期的同一等級，成為二戰結束以來與末日距離最近的年代。我們如何可能地棲居——在末日到來的大地？

志賀理江子迷離如夢般的影像書寫，是她在2011年親歷東日本大地震之後對於存在與死亡的感知路徑。在新作《Human Spring》中，志賀試圖打開如今已逐漸被封閉但仍存於人類內在的自然性與身體感，透過繪織意識流般的圖景，呈現著對於人性與生存本身的冥思啟示。林諭志的《Asongcalledformosa》是他在漫長的家園行旅中刻錄的私房曲盤—故鄉與里人、工業區和荒涼的海岸、父親在二戰時遭日本軍徵召至南洋服役的往事記憶⋯⋯，跨越數十年的影像在此首次發表，島嶼的戀曲與哀歌幽幽鳴奏，旅人一路踽踽低吟。1980年代起投入錄像裝置創作的袁廣鳴，作品反映著對於日常生活的不安覺察，自上世紀末的《關於米勒的晚禱》、《離位》到本世紀的《城市失格》、《能量的風景》、《棲居如詩》、《日常演習》等系列作品，發散著前末日感氣息的寓言，這些寓言緩慢漂移在去人化的現代社會空間，直至世界轟然炸裂。

在本期中，謝佩君深度描寫美國藝術家克利斯迪安．馬克雷與亞瑟．賈法各自運用現成影像蒙太奇的創作，傳遞著影像生產中戰爭、暴力的末世預警，這兩件於今年威尼斯雙年展中受到矚目的錄像作品，同時反映著本屆「願你生活在有趣的時代」這個對現今世界充滿各種不確定性的喻義主題。陳儒修則從影史開展的歷史性一幕—「火車進站」—指出電影發展的開端與災難的關聯、災難電影與現實經驗的糾葛，以及電影本身所造成的歷史性災難。

日本在今年告別「平成」年代並開啟「令和」年號，對日本的政治與文化進入新的階段有著重要的象徵意義，張世倫從昭和天皇裕仁於1946年發表的「人間宣言」開始，針對天皇形象在戰後的轉變與影像包裝歷程，進行了細緻地視覺解析，檢視天皇制度綿延而生的歷史記憶與文化政治。「攝影書製作現場」單元則近訪日本藝術書籍出版社赤赤舍創辦人姬野希美，記錄了外界少見的編印工作實況。

今年三月起，《攝影之聲》與空總台灣當代文化實驗場合作舉辦了一系列由藝術家和影像研究者帶領的「歷史後像：攝影史敘事工作坊」，嘗試推進攝影史的當代意義與創造性思索。本期我們特別摘錄其中由高重黎主持的「影像機器工作坊」談話，在這份講稿中，他以視覺原理出發，揭示藝術與文學創作如何回應攝影與視覺，並創造出強調手眼協作感知的「觸／視頭部造相術」，為思考攝影／視覺史帶來新的啟發。關於工作坊系列的更多內容，我們將在後續製作的專題中呈現。同時，我們近期也將舉辦攝影史論壇與相關活動，等待你一起來參與。

● 更多內容預覽 / 購書 Order | http://bit.ly/vop26

In the face of unpredictable days ahead, have we drifted even further away from the “poetic dwelling” the German poet Friedrich Hölderlin so poignantly described? Disasters and wars, lies and scheming - the ambitions and desires that plague the human world never cease to expand, making it harder to imbue the presence of humans with a sense of poetry. As the threat of conflict in global politics rises to its highest level since the Cold War in 1953, where the “doomsday clock” stays at two minutes to midnight, we are closer than ever to the end since World War II. How do we possibly survive on this land as the apocalypse closes in?

Shiga Lieko’s dream-like imagery creations reflect her perception of life and death after living through the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. In her latest work, Human Spring, Shiga attempts to recover the sense of nature and self that lies within all humans but has since been forgotten and buried. She does so through the use of imagery that flows like a stream of consciousness, presenting a picture of meditation on human nature and survival itself. Lin Yu-Chih’s Asongcalledformosa is a private songbook he created on a long travel home, filled with songs like that of his hometown and its people, the industrial area and the desolate coast, and memories of his father being recruited by the Japanese army to serve in Southeast Asia. These images taken over the course of decades are published for the first time, singing the love and sorrowful songs of this island that the traveler hums along to as he set out on his journey. Yuan Goang-Ming has been working with video installation since the 1980s, and his work illustrates a sense of uneasiness towards daily life. From About Millet’s The Angelus and Out of Position created at the end of last century, to more recent works such as City Disqualified, Landscape of Energy, Dwelling and Everyday Maneuver, a sense of our past and last days permeates his creations, the message of which is drifting afloat in the modern social space that has been dehumanized, until the world can finally take no more.

In this issue, Hsieh Pei-Chun describes in great detail American artists Christian Marclay and Arthur Jafa’s works that consist of found footage, and are warning of war and violence. Their works received much attention in this year’s edition of the Venice Biennale as they reflected the metaphorical theme of the Biennale that hints at uncertainties in today’s world, “May You Live in Interesting Times”. On the other hand, Chen Ru-Shou draws a connection between movies and disasters, the entanglement of disaster films and real-life experience and finally the disasters brought about by filmmaking itself.

Japan’s era name change from Heisei to Reiwa this year is symbolically significant both for her politics as well as her culture which have also entered a new era. Chang Shih-Lun takes a look at the post-war transformation in the external images of Emperor Hirohito since his “Declaration of Humanity” in 1946, analyzing in detail the memories of history and cultural politics that followed Japan’s imperial system. Furthermore, the Photobook Making Case Study segment features a rare behind-the-scenes look at printing work with Himeno Kimi, founder of AKAAKA, a Japanese art book publisher.

Since March this year, we have been co-organizing with C-LAB the Afterimage of History: Photography History Narrative Workshops, a series of workshops led by artists and imagery researchers, promoting the critical thinking of contemporary meaning and creativity in the history of photography. In this issue, we are featuring an excerpt from artist Kao Chung-Li’s lecture in his Imagery Machine workshop, in which he spoke about the principles of visual imagery, and revealed the ways art and literary creations responded to photography and visual perception. (Kao also created a concept called “chù/shìh tóu bù jhào siàng shù” (tangibility of touch/sight head phase-image making method), a method to illustrate the perception of touch and sight in image creation, inspiring new ways to approach photography and visual history.) We will be featuring more content from the workshops in future issues. At the same time, we will also be organizing a forum on photography history, and we look forward to your participation.

Cover photo: Shiga Lieko, Human Spring, 2019 / courtesy the artist.
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Voices of Photography 攝影之聲
www.vopmagazine.com

#最新刊!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Voices of Photography 攝影之聲
Issue 26 : 末日棲居
Dwelling in the Apocalypse

面對不可預期的來日，我們是否與德國詩人腓特烈．賀德林曾言的「詩意地棲居」更加疏遠？災害與戰禍、虛假與算計，人類世界無限擴張的野心和欲望未曾降低，人的存在也愈來愈難以賦添詩意。而衝突升高的國際政治情勢，使此刻相隔末日只剩兩分鐘的「末日時鐘」竟回到與1953年冷戰時期的同一等級，成為二戰結束以來與末日距離最近的年代。我們如何可能地棲居——在末日到來的大地？

志賀理江子迷離如夢般的影像書寫，是她在2011年親歷東日本大地震之後對於存在與死亡的感知路徑。在新作《Human Spring》中，志賀試圖打開如今已逐漸被封閉但仍存於人類內在的自然性與身體感，透過繪織意識流般的圖景，呈現著對於人性與生存本身的冥思啟示。林諭志的《Asongcalledformosa》是他在漫長的家園行旅中刻錄的私房曲盤—故鄉與里人、工業區和荒涼的海岸、父親在二戰時遭日本軍徵召至南洋服役的往事記憶⋯⋯，跨越數十年的影像在此首次發表，島嶼的戀曲與哀歌幽幽鳴奏，旅人一路踽踽低吟。1980年代起投入錄像裝置創作的袁廣鳴，作品反映著對於日常生活的不安覺察，自上世紀末的《關於米勒的晚禱》、《離位》到本世紀的《城市失格》、《能量的風景》、《棲居如詩》、《日常演習》等系列作品，發散著前末日感氣息的寓言，這些寓言緩慢漂移在去人化的現代社會空間，直至世界轟然炸裂。

在本期中，謝佩君深度描寫美國藝術家克利斯迪安．馬克雷與亞瑟．賈法各自運用現成影像蒙太奇的創作，傳遞著影像生產中戰爭、暴力的末世預警，這兩件於今年威尼斯雙年展中受到矚目的錄像作品，同時反映著本屆「願你生活在有趣的時代」這個對現今世界充滿各種不確定性的喻義主題。陳儒修則從影史開展的歷史性一幕—「火車進站」—指出電影發展的開端與災難的關聯、災難電影與現實經驗的糾葛，以及電影本身所造成的歷史性災難。

日本在今年告別「平成」年代並開啟「令和」年號，對日本的政治與文化進入新的階段有著重要的象徵意義，張世倫從昭和天皇裕仁於1946年發表的「人間宣言」開始，針對天皇形象在戰後的轉變與影像包裝歷程，進行了細緻地視覺解析，檢視天皇制度綿延而生的歷史記憶與文化政治。「攝影書製作現場」單元則近訪日本藝術書籍出版社赤赤舍創辦人姬野希美，記錄了外界少見的編印工作實況。

今年三月起，《攝影之聲》與空總台灣當代文化實驗場合作舉辦了一系列由藝術家和影像研究者帶領的「歷史後像：攝影史敘事工作坊」，嘗試推進攝影史的當代意義與創造性思索。本期我們特別摘錄其中由高重黎主持的「影像機器工作坊」談話，在這份講稿中，他以視覺原理出發，揭示藝術與文學創作如何回應攝影與視覺，並創造出強調手眼協作感知的「觸／視頭部造相術」，為思考攝影／視覺史帶來新的啟發。關於工作坊系列的更多內容，我們將在後續製作的專題中呈現。同時，我們近期也將舉辦攝影史論壇與相關活動，等待你一起來參與。

● 更多內容預覽 / 購書 Order | http://bit.ly/vop26

In the face of unpredictable days ahead, have we drifted even further away from the “poetic dwelling” the German poet Friedrich Hölderlin so poignantly described? Disasters and wars, lies and scheming - the ambitions and desires that plague the human world never cease to expand, making it harder to imbue the presence of humans with a sense of poetry. As the threat of conflict in global politics rises to its highest level since the Cold War in 1953, where the “doomsday clock” stays at two minutes to midnight, we are closer than ever to the end since World War II. How do we possibly survive on this land as the apocalypse closes in?

Shiga Lieko’s dream-like imagery creations reflect her perception of life and death after living through the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. In her latest work, Human Spring, Shiga attempts to recover the sense of nature and self that lies within all humans but has since been forgotten and buried. She does so through the use of imagery that flows like a stream of consciousness, presenting a picture of meditation on human nature and survival itself. Lin Yu-Chih’s Asongcalledformosa is a private songbook he created on a long travel home, filled with songs like that of his hometown and its people, the industrial area and the desolate coast, and memories of his father being recruited by the Japanese army to serve in Southeast Asia. These images taken over the course of decades are published for the first time, singing the love and sorrowful songs of this island that the traveler hums along to as he set out on his journey. Yuan Goang-Ming has been working with video installation since the 1980s, and his work illustrates a sense of uneasiness towards daily life. From About Millet’s The Angelus and Out of Position created at the end of last century, to more recent works such as City Disqualified, Landscape of Energy, Dwelling and Everyday Maneuver, a sense of our past and last days permeates his creations, the message of which is drifting afloat in the modern social space that has been dehumanized, until the world can finally take no more.

In this issue, Hsieh Pei-Chun describes in great detail American artists Christian Marclay and Arthur Jafa’s works that consist of found footage, and are warning of war and violence. Their works received much attention in this year’s edition of the Venice Biennale as they reflected the metaphorical theme of the Biennale that hints at uncertainties in today’s world, “May You Live in Interesting Times”. On the other hand, Chen Ru-Shou draws a connection between movies and disasters, the entanglement of disaster films and real-life experience and finally the disasters brought about by filmmaking itself.

Japan’s era name change from Heisei to Reiwa this year is symbolically significant both for her politics as well as her culture which have also entered a new era. Chang Shih-Lun takes a look at the post-war transformation in the external images of Emperor Hirohito since his “Declaration of Humanity” in 1946, analyzing in detail the memories of history and cultural politics that followed Japan’s imperial system. Furthermore, the Photobook Making Case Study segment features a rare behind-the-scenes look at printing work with Himeno Kimi, founder of AKAAKA, a Japanese art book publisher.

Since March this year, we have been co-organizing with C-LAB the Afterimage of History: Photography History Narrative Workshops, a series of workshops led by artists and imagery researchers, promoting the critical thinking of contemporary meaning and creativity in the history of photography. In this issue, we are featuring an excerpt from artist Kao Chung-Li’s lecture in his Imagery Machine workshop, in which he spoke about the principles of visual imagery, and revealed the ways art and literary creations responded to photography and visual perception. (Kao also created a concept called “chù/shìh tóu bù jhào siàng shù” (tangibility of touch/sight head phase-image making method), a method to illustrate the perception of touch and sight in image creation, inspiring new ways to approach photography and visual history.) We will be featuring more content from the workshops in future issues. At the same time, we will also be organizing a forum on photography history, and we look forward to your participation.

---
Voices of Photography 攝影之聲
www.vopmagazine.com

It was established by Arthur and Walter's Dabiddoson brother and William Sylvester Harleys in 1903.

The motorcycle manufacturer in the United States existed in the past and time only of one
company of Harley Davidson existed, too.

An actual pronunciation is near "Hurley Davissn" though an official name in Japan is "Harley
Davidson".
Feature

The feature of the maximum motorcycle made by the Harley Davidson company is a peculiar pulse feeling, externals that large displacement air cooling OHV and V type twin engine bring, and has a lot of charm fans in this. The drive is a belt drive that is converted the crank movement into the belt by the chain in a primary case and told the rear wheel. Most of the category that is called "American" of the domestic production manufacturer is OHC, V type twin engine, and the style that mimics features other than the drive. Blustan CEO of an American headquarters and chairman shows the idea, "Aim at the Harley that everyone can get on from a high-level Harley to a popular Harley" in 2001.

The shift started, twin cam 88B(balancer) was piled up from evolution 1340cc to present engine and twin cam 88.1450cc by the Softal system in 2000 in 1999, and those engines were improved to 1584cc in the boa in 2007(stroke). It is appearance of twin cam 96(cubic inch). The agreement of exhaust emissions regulations became a problem along with the large exhaust. The catalyst technology is introduced into the muffler in 2001, and all models to whom a new car is sold are made an injection in 2007. However, because the feeling etc. of the engine are different along with make to the injection from the one of a past carburetor specification (A peculiar feeling heavy to the cab was canceled), the deep-rooted popularitys are collected in the model of the cab specification. A present system is completed very much and has finished very much high about reliability though keeps sending the fuel even if the distortion occurs in the piston for the injection in 2003, and is reported on the case where Baspakkin of the cylinder mount is burnt.

Moreover, the motorcycle equipped with the first, water-cooled DOHC V twin engine (Revolution engine) was born ..this company in 2002.., too. (Refer to the page of VRSC for details. )

The model where the profit cannot be taken by the competition with the motorcycle manufacturer in Japan reduces the scale as abolition etc. , and the designed model ..straightening now "Run in the long distance with the United States freeway".. is centered though a small scooter etc. also were manufacturing the Harley company before. Therefore, the ability cannot be demonstrated in the mountainous district and the circuit. It was used in the United States for the police traffic management (Recently, a foreign car such as Kawasaki and BMWs is used).

The home manufacturer was acquired in the inside and 2001 when the entire two-wheel market reduced and the large-sized car share head position of more suppression 750cc was acquired in a Japanese market. It is assumed to two person in the expressway getting on opening of an automatic two-wheeled vehicle by the Road Traffic Law revision in the license acquisition system establishment in the car driving school by the large-scale automatic operation two-wheeled vehicle license foundation in 1996 and 2005 that a foreign manufacturer such as Harleys demanded in the background strong.

The Harley was a vehicle that enjoyed the sound and the pulse. Environmental protection..viewpoint..twin..cam..balanc er..engine..appearance..catalyst..techno logy..introduction..sound..pulse..model. .suppress.

The installation of an illegal muffler was controlled voluntarily by the notice of Harley Davidson Japan that was the sole agency by Japan in around 2003. The agreement of the installation self-imposed control of an illegal muffler was made also between the agency and the sales network in each administrative divisions. This is a meaning that prevents differences from being in the shop that installs it and the shop that doesn't obtain the defense of the notice in numbers of sales.

Sorry about the reupload folks, had a minor resolution problem with the original. Should be fixed now ?

? Additional resources including stats and spawn locations below ?
https://www.gtabase.com/red-dead-redemption-2/animals/horse-breeds/thoroughbred

? Brindle ?
You can steal a Brindle Thoroughbred from the O'Driscoll Boys who'll ambush you heading towards Strawberry. Most likely to happen during Chapter 2

Players are reporting that it is possible for the race lady to spawn twice meaning you can steal her first horse and she will still spawn for the second race! Two free brindle's anyone?


If you know any more sites with useful information, let me know so I can add it to the list.

It was established by Arthur and Walter's Dabiddoson brother and William Sylvester Harleys in 1903.

The motorcycle manufacturer in the United States existed in the past and time only of one
company of Harley Davidson existed, too.

An actual pronunciation is near "Hurley Davissn" though an official name in Japan is "Harley
Davidson".
Feature

The feature of the maximum motorcycle made by the Harley Davidson company is a peculiar pulse feeling, externals that large displacement air cooling OHV and V type twin engine bring, and has a lot of charm fans in this. The drive is a belt drive that is converted the crank movement into the belt by the chain in a primary case and told the rear wheel. Most of the category that is called "American" of the domestic production manufacturer is OHC, V type twin engine, and the style that mimics features other than the drive. Blustan CEO of an American headquarters and chairman shows the idea, "Aim at the Harley that everyone can get on from a high-level Harley to a popular Harley" in 2001.

The shift started, twin cam 88B(balancer) was piled up from evolution 1340cc to present engine and twin cam 88.1450cc by the Softal system in 2000 in 1999, and those engines were improved to 1584cc in the boa in 2007(stroke). It is appearance of twin cam 96(cubic inch). The agreement of exhaust emissions regulations became a problem along with the large exhaust. The catalyst technology is introduced into the muffler in 2001, and all models to whom a new car is sold are made an injection in 2007. However, because the feeling etc. of the engine are different along with make to the injection from the one of a past carburetor specification (A peculiar feeling heavy to the cab was canceled), the deep-rooted popularitys are collected in the model of the cab specification. A present system is completed very much and has finished very much high about reliability though keeps sending the fuel even if the distortion occurs in the piston for the injection in 2003, and is reported on the case where Baspakkin of the cylinder mount is burnt.

Moreover, the motorcycle equipped with the first, water-cooled DOHC V twin engine (Revolution engine) was born ..this company in 2002.., too. (Refer to the page of VRSC for details. )

The model where the profit cannot be taken by the competition with the motorcycle manufacturer in Japan reduces the scale as abolition etc. , and the designed model ..straightening now "Run in the long distance with the United States freeway".. is centered though a small scooter etc. also were manufacturing the Harley company before. Therefore, the ability cannot be demonstrated in the mountainous district and the circuit. It was used in the United States for the police traffic management (Recently, a foreign car such as Kawasaki and BMWs is used).

The home manufacturer was acquired in the inside and 2001 when the entire two-wheel market reduced and the large-sized car share head position of more suppression 750cc was acquired in a Japanese market. It is assumed to two person in the expressway getting on opening of an automatic two-wheeled vehicle by the Road Traffic Law revision in the license acquisition system establishment in the car driving school by the large-scale automatic operation two-wheeled vehicle license foundation in 1996 and 2005 that a foreign manufacturer such as Harleys demanded in the background strong.

The Harley was a vehicle that enjoyed the sound and the pulse. Environmental protection..viewpoint..twin..cam..balanc er..engine..appearance..catalyst..techno logy..introduction..sound..pulse..model. .suppress.

The installation of an illegal muffler was controlled voluntarily by the notice of Harley Davidson Japan that was the sole agency by Japan in around 2003. The agreement of the installation self-imposed control of an illegal muffler was made also between the agency and the sales network in each administrative divisions. This is a meaning that prevents differences from being in the shop that installs it and the shop that doesn't obtain the defense of the notice in numbers of sales.