美國選舉人團(electoral college)制度規定在美國聯邦憲法本文Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 :
"Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of 'ELECTORS' (大寫字為我特意強調), equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector."
此外,美國憲法第十四號修正案還特別規定什麼人不得擔任選舉人:
"Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or 'ELECTOR' (大寫字為我特意強調) of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability."
選舉人會在12月第二個週三後的週一,在各州首府集會並完成憲法上的投票義務。
歷史上出現過許多次選舉人跑票現象,稱之為faithless electors,美國33州與哥倫比亞特區有立法針對選舉人跑票處罰,但也有州並無相關罰則。最近一次就是上屆2016年選舉,有十個選舉人跑票,例如夏威夷的選舉人應該把票投給Clinton卻投給Sanders;德州的選舉人應該把票投給Trump卻投給John Kasich。
想知道美國選舉制度,自己看法律原文文字最保險;如果英文太糟看不懂,就請自己多保重。
civil disability 在 喬寶寶 Qbobo Facebook 的最讚貼文
Hongkong Immigration Department-
Our Vision-
We will be the foremost immigration service in the world in effectiveness and efficiency.
Our Mission-
We will contribute to the security and prosperity of Hong Kong by:
exercising effective immigration control
facilitating the visit of genuine travellers
keeping out undesirables
preventing and detecting immigration-related crimes
issuing to residents highly secure identity cards and #travel #documents
providing efficient civil registration services for births, deaths and marriages
We will provide quality service without #discrimination and treat each member of the public with #respect, #consideration and #compassion, irrespective of disability, sex, marital status, pregnancy, family status, #race, #nationality and #religion.
Our Values-
Integrity and Impartiality
We will faithfully apply our policies and practices with impartiality and honesty, and will uphold our high standards of integrity at all times.
Courtesy and Compassion-
We will treat each member of the public with respect, consideration, courtesy and compassion. We will be empathetic, appreciative of different perspectives and flexible in the application of policies to meet specific needs.
Care and Cohesion-
We will adopt people-based management to care for our staff's need and development, enhance communication, cultivate harmony and trust, and build a professional team with high morale and cohesiveness to serve the public.
Alertness and Awareness-
We will remain sensitive to ever-changing social, economic and political environment, assimilate trends and realign our business strategies and operational procedures to meet new challenges.
Improvement and Illumination-
We will continuously strive for excellence in whatever we do and seek to be the role-model for other immigration services worldwide.
今天的她:Asma 今年成功得到特區護照
我是 Asma。從小到現在都是就讀本地學校,因為我是土生土長,我亦覺得在香港生活就應該要適應香港的環境,所以一直都是就讀本地學校,就是為了可以跟不同的華語學生一起,希望可以從他們當中了解到更多本地文化。雖然我覺得香港是我的家,但香港是否覺得我們非華語人士是他們的一份子呢?現在我是在本地學校就讀中六,但在我中四的那一年,有一個轉捩點,因為我獲得一個利希慎獎學金,可以在新加坡讀三年書,一般華語學生能獲得獎學金也會很高興,更何况我是南亞裔學生。
在開學之前,我獲新加坡領使館簽發一個短期簽證,因此前往當地居住了一星期,嘗試適應當地環境,但因為我是持有巴基斯坦護照,所以不獲批學生簽證,但並沒有說明原因。突然獲悉不能去當地讀書,我完全不知如何是好,不過我並沒有一下子便放棄,所以我前往獎學金的基金會和學校求助,他們跟我說,我是可以提出上訴的,我上訴了三次,但三次都失敗了。
在上訴期間我沒有在原校出席補課,因為他們都知道我會出國,但可惜我去不成,要返回原校就讀,使到我不知如何面對同學,當時我就把事情交給上帝,看它如何安排,所以我便留在香港繼續讀中五。
基金會提議我申請特區護照,因為我爸爸要保留巴基斯坦國籍,因此我們一家人從來沒有申請特區護照,因為今次我需要特區護照才有機會出國,所以今次爸爸便和我一起去申請特區護照。我們跟華語人不同,申請護照需要經過很多手續,但等了十個月之後,在本年十月接獲通知,申請被拒絕,那天剛好是我十七歲生日前的一天。我想知道原因,但得到的答案是他們有權不透露原因,當時我有一種受到不公平對待的感覺,因為我是土生土長也不能得到一個國籍。
我希望自己能適應這個環境,所以入讀本地學校,因為我把香港當成自己的家,亦沒想過巴基斯坦,為甚香港不發給我護照呢?香港又是否有把我們當成香港的一份子呢?
我很想分享這次經歷,讓多些人能夠知道我們南亞裔人士很需要別人幫助。
所以自己身為一個南亞裔人士,希望將來能夠成為註冊社工,幫助一些南亞裔人士解決問題。
- Asma, 29/10/2015@香港故事Hong Kong Stories
civil disability 在 美國在台協會 AIT Facebook 的精選貼文
前美國殘奧選手和民權運動人士將在臉書直播討論為何應該在體育活動中倡導多元和包容。為了改變環境、提倡包容與多元,他們是如何為身障人士、女性爭取權利?他們又是如何與公民團體、教育機構、以及政府單位合作,一起在地方和全球讓改變發生?
臉書直播活動:體育活動中的多元與包容
時間:台灣時間3月6日星期二晚上7-8點
直播網址:facebook.com/StateDRL
語言:英語
A Facebook Live with former Paralympians and civil rights advocates to talk about the importance of diversity and inclusion in sports. How are these change-makers transforming their environments by fighting for disability rights, women’s rights, and inclusion? How are they working with civil society, educational institutions, and government to create change at the local and global levels?
Interactive: Diversity and Inclusion in Sports
Date and Time: Tuesday, March 6, 2018, 6-7 am EST
Event page: facebook.com/StateDRL
Language: English