Vitamin D seems to help fight off viruses, especially COVID-19.
SUNLIGHT:A number of factors can play a role in vitamin D deficiencies in older adults. Because they spend the majority of their time indoors, older adults get minimal exposure to natural sunlight.
1.In aging adults, vitamin D deficiency is strongly linked to muscle weakness, which can manifest in different ways. In general, seniors tend to feel a heaviness in their legs and have difficulty standing up and climbing stairs.
2.Vitamin D is also necessary for aiding and regulating calcium absorption and keeps bones, muscles and teeth in excellent condition. The combination of weakened muscles and bones caused by low vitamin D levels has been associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures, which can be very dangerous and even fatal for the elderly.
3.Vitamin D is believed to help regulate immune function and the release of neurotransmitters in the brain that influence moods
4.Studies have shown that low vitamin D levels may be associated with mental health disorders like seasonal affective disorder (SAD), schizophrenia and depression. Seniors who feel depressed and tired all the time may actually suffer from vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency.
5.In addition, low vitamin D levels may contribute to cognitive decline and a person’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia.
6.Weight Gain
Vitamin D appears to play an important role in regulating appetite and body weight as well. Research has shown that lower levels of vitamin D are associated with obesity, whereas increased vitamin D levels have been associated with reductions in body fat.
7.It’s believed that vitamin D controls the levels of leptin in the body—another hormone that inhibits hunger and reduces fat storage.
8.When a senior is deficient in vitamin D, these signals to the brain get disrupted and the body doesn’t know when to stop eating. This can make people overeat and gain weight.
9.Fatigue
Many older adults who are tired all the time may not realize that they could have a nutritional deficiency, so they ignore their symptoms. Low vitamin D levels may also cause widespread pain in areas like the shoulders, pelvis, ribcage and lower back, which can leave a senior feeling drained. Someone who has stiff joints and is constantly feeling fatigued might want to boost their vitamin D intake (especially if they do not go outside much or do not eat many fortified foods).
10.Digestive Issues
Studies have shown that low vitamin D levels may contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition characterized by chronic inflammation in the digestive tract. IBD is split into two main types: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. To make matters worse, bowel diseases can interfere with the way the intestines absorb dietary fat. Since vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, GI conditions can cause nutritional deficiencies to worsen even further. #COVID19 #vitaminD #sunlight #oldage
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(一)中風後會引致認知障礙症? 00:06
(二)如何延緩認知障礙症的發生及惡化? 01:30
(三)如何及早發現認知障礙症? 03:19
(本短片作健康教育之用,並不可取代任何醫療診斷或治療。治療成效因人而異,如有疑問,請向專業醫療人士諮詢。)
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2. Alvarez-Sabin, J., & Roman, G. C. (2010). Citicoline in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Dementia After Stroke. Stroke, 42(1, Supplement 1). doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.606509
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5. Saver, J. L. (2008). Citicoline: Update on a Promising and Widely Available Agent for Neuroprotection and Neurorepair. Reviews in Neurological Diseases, 5(4), 167-177.
6. Alvarez-Sabín, J., Ortega, G., Jacas, C., Santamarina, E., Maisterra, O., Ribo, M., . . . Román, G. C. (2013). Long-Term Treatment with Citicoline May Improve Poststroke Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 35(2), 146-154. doi:10.1159/000346602
7. Alvarez-Sabín, J., Santamarina, E., Maisterra, O., Jacas, C., Molina, C., & Quintana, M. (2016). Long-Term Treatment with Citicoline Prevents Cognitive Decline and Predicts a Better Quality of Life after a First Ischemic Stroke. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(3), 390. doi:10.3390/ijms17030390
8. Ngandu, T., Lehtisalo, J., Solomon, A., Levälahti, E., Ahtiluoto, S., & Antikainen, R. et al. (2015). A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 385(9984), 2255-2263. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60461-5
9. Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bã©Dirian, V. R., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., … Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A Brief Screening Tool For Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4), 695–699. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
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(一) 早期診斷認知障礙症的重要性和方法?00:07
(二) 慢性病會導致認知障礙症?00:55
(三) 認知障礙症照顧者應該注意什麼?01:35
(四) 透過改善生活習慣與適時使用藥物控制病情?02:32
(本短片作健康教育之用,並不可取代任何醫療診斷或治療。治療成效因人而異,如有疑問,請向專業醫療人士諮詢。)
參考資料:
1. Galvin, J.., Sadowsky, C.(2012). Practical Guidelines for the Recognition and Diagnosis of Dementia. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine May 2012, 25 (3) 367-382; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2012.03.100181 Retrieved from https://www.jabfm.org/content/25/3/367#sec-3
2. Anstey, K.J., Lipnicki, D.M., Low, L.F. (2008) Cholesterol as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies With Meta-Analysis. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry May 2008, 16:5. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kaarin_Anstey/publication/5403325_Cholesterol_as_a_Risk_Factor_for_Dementia_and_Cognitive_Decline_A_Systematic_Review_of_Prospective_Studies_With_Meta-Analysis/links/576b54ac08ae5b9a62b3aa81/Cholesterol-as-a-Risk-Factor-for-Dementia-and-Cognitive-Decline-A-Systematic-Review-of-Prospective-Studies-With-Meta-Analysis.pdf
3. Sun, M.-K., Alkon, D.L. (2006). Links between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. Drugs Today 2006, 42(7): 481. Retrieved from https://journals.prous.com/journals/servlet/xmlxsl/pk_journals.xml_summary_pr?p_JournalId=4&p_RefId=973588&p_IsPs=N
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5. 葵涌醫院 (2016)。照顧患有認知障礙症長者 家傭照顧手冊。香港:醫院管理局。Retrieved from https://www.swd.gov.hk/dementiacampaign/sc/doc/Caring-for-Elderly-with-Dementia-Guide-to-Foreign-Domestic-Helper_TC.pdf
6. Lam, L.C.W., Chan, W.M., Kwok, T.C.Y., Chiu, H.F.K. (2014) Effectiveness of Tai Chi in maintenance of cognitive and functional abilities in mild cognitive impairment: a randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Med J 2014;20(Suppl 3):S20-3. Retrieved from https://www.hkmj.org/system/files/hkm1403sp3p20_0.pdf
7. Müllers, P., Taubert, M., & Müller, N. G. (2019). Physical Exercise as Personalized Medicine for Dementia Prevention?. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 672. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00672 . Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563896/
8. Lam, L. C., Chan, W. C., Leung, T., Fung, A. W., & Leung, E. M. (2015). Would older adults with mild cognitive impairment adhere to and benefit from a structured lifestyle activity intervention to enhance cognition?: a cluster randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 10(3), e0118173. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118173 。 Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4380493/
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(一)善忘=認知障礙症? 00:08
(二)認知障礙是什麼? 00:51
症狀 00:51
成因 01:24
(三)如何改善認知障礙症? 01:57
(本短片作健康教育之用,並不可取代任何醫療診斷或治療。治療成效因人而異,如有疑問,請向專業醫療人士諮詢。)
參考資料:
1. Chiu et al. (1998) Prevalence of dementia in Chinese elderly in Hong Kong . Neurology 50(4): 1002-1009.
2. 基本認識. (n.d.). https://www.jccpa.org.hk/tc/facts_on_dementia/what_is_dementia/index.html
3. Ngandu, T., Lehtisalo, J., Solomon, A., Levälahti, E., Ahtiluoto, S., & Antikainen, R. et al. (2015). A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 385(9984), 2255-2263. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60461-5
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