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在influenza vaccine development這個產品中，有4篇Facebook貼文，粉絲數超過2萬的網紅國家衛生研究院-論壇，也在其Facebook貼文中提到， ➥ 疫苗無疑是作為預防個人受到高致病性的新興和再浮現病毒感染威脅的最有效方法。 但是，高致病性病毒需要在高規格的生物安全設施規範下進行處理，如此可能阻礙了疫苗的開發的急迫性。為了縮短疫苗開發的時間，偽病毒系統（pseudovirus system）已被廣泛應用於評估疫苗在新興和再浮現...
　同時也有2部Youtube影片，追蹤數超過4萬的網紅ครูแป้งสอนจีน，也在其Youtube影片中提到，#KhaowpunStory #ครูแป้งสอนจีน #BYOHappiness น้องข้าวปั้น | ฉีดวัคซีนไข้หวัดใหญ่ ครั้งที่ 2 Flu shot น้องข้าวปั้น ลูกสาวครูแป้งสอนจีน Khaowpun Story F...

influenza vaccine development 在 國家衛生研究院-論壇 Facebook 的最佳解答

國家衛生研究院-論壇 By 國家衛生研究院-論壇

2020-08-14 13:30:00 有 12 人按讚
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➥ 疫苗無疑是作為預防個人受到高致病性的新興和再浮現病毒感染威脅的最有效方法。


但是，高致病性病毒需要在高規格的生物安全設施規範下進行處理，如此可能阻礙了疫苗的開發的急迫性。為了縮短疫苗開發的時間，偽病毒系統（pseudovirus system）已被廣泛應用於評估疫苗在新興和再浮現病毒感染時的效力和免疫原性。


本文作者針對新興的SARS-CoV-2病毒和再浮現的禽流感病毒H5亞型開發了Lentiviral偽病毒系統，僅外套膜上表現SARS-CoV-2的棘蛋白（S protein）或禽流感病毒的HA、NA蛋白，降低活性、高致病性病毒感染的風險，因此可以在2級生物安全設施中進行處理。


藉由構築SARS-CoV-2和禽流感病毒H5亞型偽病毒，作者成功地建立了中和測定法，以量化抗血清對SARS-CoV-2和禽流感H5亞型病毒的中和活性，為候選疫苗篩選時提供抗原演化和免疫原性分析重要的訊息。( 財團法人國家衛生研究院 齊嘉鈺醫師摘要整理，完整文章，詳：http://forum.nhri.org.tw/covid19/virus/j_translate/j1840/)


📋 ScienceDirect - Biomedical Journal - 2020-06-06
Assessing the application of a pseudovirus system for emerging SARS-CoV-2 and re-emerging avian influenza virus H5 subtypes in vaccine development
■ Author：Sheng-Wen Huang, Ching-Hui Tai, Yin-Mei Hsu, et al.
■ Link：https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417020300901?via%3Dihub


〈 國家衛生研究院-論壇 〉
➥ COVID-19學術資源-轉譯文章 - 2020/08/14
衛生福利部
疾病管制署 - 1922防疫達人
疾病管制署

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近年台灣面臨人口老化、少子化、人口移動頻繁、貧富差距的社會現象，為因應此現象，政府成立衛生福利部，以有效彙整醫藥衛生與社會福利之資源與服務，提供整合性的服務措施及全方位的照護體系，給予民眾多方向的全人服務。完整說明，詳：https://bit.ly/3bjItNv )
國衛院論壇提供溝通平台，結合國內外專業人力，針對衛生醫療及社會福利問題之探討與增進國民健康福祉。
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influenza vaccine development 在 中央研究院 Academia Sinica Facebook 的最佳解答

中央研究院 Academia Sinica By 中央研究院 Academia Sinica

2020-08-13 10:24:09 有 869 人按讚
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電影中，霸氣的葉問一人單挑十人🥊成為經典畫面。

現在對抗流感也可望「一打多」！過去預防流感最佳方法是接種疫苗，但疫苗通常只針對單一亞型，一旦病毒突變，當年趕製的疫苗就會失去預期保護力。因此開發 #廣效型疫苗 是目前研究的目標之一。

本院翁啟惠院士領導的基因體研究中心團隊近期擷取兩種不同病毒株的蛋白質，組合成全新的血凝集素，再輔以本院獨創的 #單醣化技術，研發出 「單醣化嵌合血凝集素（chimeric HA）蛋白疫苗」。

實驗證實，此疫苗可「一打多」，能有效抵抗四種不同的H1N1病毒和兩種不同的H5N1病毒，達到至少80%的保護效果，甚至也能中和H3、H5、H7和H9等不同亞型的病毒，減少因誤判病毒株導致疫苗防護力不足的問題。

#翁啟惠 #疫苗 #A型流感 #廣效疫苗 #葉問 #一打十 #一打多

🥊怎麼做到一打多? https://www.sinica.edu.tw/ch/news/6614
🥊論文連結：https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/07/14/2004783117

圖片來源／電影《葉問》

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Professor Chi-Huey Wong had previously led a group thinking from outside of the box and created a mono-glycan H1N1 flu vaccine that proved effective against multiple flu subtypes. They have outdone themselves again, and this time, they came up with a breakthrough development of a universal anti-influenza vaccine using a designed chimeric hemagglutinin (HA) protein. The resulting immune responses in animal model showed coverages not only on various human influenza strains and subtypes, but also the emerging avian flu. They have published the result online in PNAS on July 15th.

#vaccine # influenza #PNAS #chimerichemagglutininprotein

🥊The article can be read online at:
https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/07/14/2004783117

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這裡是由【中央研究院媒體小組】經營的平台，作為中研院好朋友們交流互動用，幾點注意事項還請粉絲們彼此提醒喲！ ＊發文請盡可能與學術研究、學術活動相關，勿濫用平台打廣告。 ＊有疑慮要發問，請保持基本禮貌，尊重自己也尊重別人。 ＊歡迎各種評論，但禁止謾罵或人身攻擊等，違者將隱藏、刪除貼文或封鎖帳號。 ＊有非關本文的意見，請善用「塗鴉牆」或「私訊」，發文下明顯不相干留言將隱藏或刪除，保持版面一致性。
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influenza vaccine development 在 婷婷看世界 Facebook 的最佳解答

婷婷看世界 By 婷婷看世界

2020-05-01 08:13:22 有 707 人按讚
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【人民日報：這10個追問，美國必須回答】

Ten questions the US needs to offer clear answers to the world

1.禽流感病毒改造去年突然重啟，之後無聲無息，為什麽？

1.Regarding the restarted avian influenza virus modification experiment last year, why does the US release no more updates?

去年2月，據美國《科學》雜誌網站披露，美國政府機構已“悄悄”批準曾引發巨大爭議的禽流感病毒改造實驗，這類被認為“危險”的實驗在被禁多年後將很快重啟。相關實驗可將H5N1禽流感病毒改造得易於在哺乳動物間傳播，被認為可能帶來人際傳播風險。美國為何在相關實驗被暫停4年多後重啟這類危險實驗？又為何不見披露進展？

The Science reported in February 2019 that US authorities had quietly approved the avian influenza virus modification experiment. The research, aiming to transform the H5N1 virus to be more capable of infecting mammals, was controversial and considered extremely dangerous. Some experts believe that the modification may increase the risk of human-to-human transmission of the virus.

The question is why the US government decided to unfreeze the experiment 4 years after it was halted, and why there are no more updates regarding the experiment.

2.美軍生物實驗室一度關閉停產，真相是什麽？

2.The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) was previously closed.What is the truth behind ?

日前，據“全球生物防禦”（globalbiodefence）網站報道，位於馬裏蘭州德特裏克堡的美國陸軍傳染病醫學研究所（USAMRIID）已經全面恢復運行。去年7月，美國疾病控制與預防中心（CDC）正式向位於馬裏蘭州德特裏克堡的美國陸軍傳染病醫學研究所（USAMRIID）發出“停產令”，要求其停止進行“特定生物制劑與毒素”研究。今年3月，白宮請願網站出現一道特殊的請願帖，要求美國政府公布去年7月“關閉”德特裏克堡生物實驗室的真正原因。USAMRIID神秘“關閉”和迅速重啟引人關註。針對白宮請願網站請願帖上的要求，美國作何回應？

The Global Biodefence reported in April that the USAMRIID, US Army's primary institution and facility for biological research headquartered in Fort Detrick, Maryland, has resumed full operation. The institution was once ordered to halt the study of biological select agents and toxins (BSATs) last July. In March, there was a petition on the White House website demanding the clarification of the shutdown of USAMRIID. Given that these issues have become a primary public concern, what is the US government's response?

3.去年傳染病演習情景今年真實上演，真的只是巧合？

3.The US Department of Health and Human Services ran a scenario last year that was similar to the COVID-19 outbreak. Is this just a coincidence?

今年3月《紐約時報》披露的一份美國官方秘密文件顯示，2019年1月至8月16日舉行，美國衛生與公共服務部（HHS）發起組織了一場代號為“赤色傳染”（Crimson Contagion）的推演，演習以中國最早出現病毒為模擬情景。2019年10月，美國多個機構又組織了一次代號為“Event 201”的全球流行病演習。演練中的模型假設一種名為CAPS的冠狀病毒，比SARS致命，又如感冒輕易傳播，卻未開發出疫苗，能迅速傳播促成全球大流行。美國去年進行的傳染病演習的設定與現實的吻合度如此之高是否只是巧合？既然有演練在前，新冠疫情發生後美國為何沒有給予足夠的關註和重視、宣稱“尚在掌握之中”？

In March, the New York Times quoted a draft report obtained from the US government saying that from January to August 2019, the US Department of Health and Human Services ran a scenario called "Crimson Contagion" that simulated the fictional outbreak involving a group of tourists visiting China. They then became infected and flew to various countries, including the US.

Last October, a high-level pandemic exercise named Event 201 was hosted by a couple of US organizations. The drill simulated a scenario that a fictional virus called CAPS, which causes more severe symptoms than SARS and transmits via the respiratory route like the common flu, had caused a pandemic. Like COVID-19, there is no vaccine for CAPS.

Given the fact that the simulated virus is so much like COVID-19, is this just a coincidence? Another question is, why did it not take enough preventive measures at the early stages of the coronavirus outbreak since the US has predicted a similar pandemic?

4.提前預測疫情大流行又無視警告情報，為什麽？

4.US intelligence officials warned of coronavirus crisis as early as last November. Why the warning was ignored?

今年4月，據美國廣播公司（ABC）報道，有內部消息稱，早在2019年11月下旬，美國情報官員就曾多次向國防情報局、五角大樓和白宮警告，一場傳染病正在席卷中國武漢地區。美國國家醫學情報中心（NCMI）去年11月出具了一份詳細闡述病毒大流行情況的報告，也就是後來被確認的新型冠狀病毒肺炎“COVID-19”。有分析人士認為武漢疫情爆發可能會演變成一場災難性事件。據美國《華盛頓郵報》網站報道稱在年初的2個多月時間裏，特朗普獲得了美國情報機構發出的關於新冠病毒的密集警告。美國政府為何一直拖到3月13日才宣布進入“國家緊急狀態”？

In April, according to the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), it was said that, as early as late November 2019, US intelligence officials had warned the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Pentagon, and the White House that an infectious disease was sweeping through Wuhan, China.

Last November, the US National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI) issued a report detailing the coronavirus pandemic, which was later identified as "COVID-19". Some analysts believed that the outbreak in Wuhan might have evolved into a catastrophic event. According to the Washington Post, in more than two months from January to February, Trump had received intensive warnings from the US intelligence agencies about the coronavirus. Why did the US government not declare a "National Emergency" until March 13?

5.有多少流感患者感染的其實是新冠肺炎，能不能說清楚？

5.Among the reported influenza deaths in the US, can the US clarify how many cases are actually infected with COVID-19?

今年2月21日，日本朝日電視臺報道的“美國1.4萬名因流感致死的人中部分可能死於新冠肺炎”掀起熱議。美疾控中心2月底發布的報告顯示，今冬流感季美國估計已有至少3200萬流感。3月11日在美國眾議院，美國疾控中心主任羅伯特·雷德菲爾德（Robert Redfield）親口承認，在美國，確實有一些“流感”死者實際感染的可能是新冠肺炎。美國流感感染者中，到底有多少新冠病例？美國有沒有借流感來掩蓋新冠肺炎的情況？美國何時才能公開美國流感病毒樣本及基因序列信息，或者允許世衛組織或聯合國派遣專家采樣分析？

Japanese Asahi Television reported on February 21 that some of the 14,000 people reportedly killed by influenza in the US might have died from coronavirus, which became a hot topic soon after.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a report at the end of February, showing that there have been at least 32 million flu illnesses in the US that winter.

On March 11, at the House of Representatives, Robert Redfield, the director of the US CDC, admitted that some in the US who were previously thought to have been killed from the flu may have been infected with coronavirus.

Among the reported influenza deaths in the US, how many cases were infected with COVID-19? Did the US government cover up the spread of coronavirus with the flu? When will the US government make public the samples of the US influenza virus and its genetic sequence, or allow experts from the WHO or the United Nations to sample and analyze?

6.新冠病毒到底什麽時候在美國出現？社區傳播是否早已開始？

6.When did the novel coronavirus first appear in the US? Did community transmission of the coronavirus start sooner than it was reported?

今年4月下旬，美國加利福尼亞州聖克拉拉縣政府公共衛生部門公布的最新檢測報告顯示，早在2月6日當地就有人死於新冠肺炎，這比美國此前公布的首例新冠死亡病例出現時間提前了20多天。據《洛杉磯時報》報道，聖克拉拉縣的衛生官員薩拉·科迪表示，這些新發現的死亡病例說明，當時“已經有相當程度的社區傳播”。聖克拉拉縣行政長官傑弗裏·史密斯表示，這表明新冠病毒早在1月、甚至更早就已經開始在加州傳播。加州州長紐瑟姆已宣布將對去年12月以來疑似新冠死亡病例進行屍檢。新冠病毒到底什麽時候在美國出現？美國新冠疫情在社區的傳播是否早已開始？

A report released in late April by local health authorities suggests that a 57-year-old woman from Santa Clara County of California died from COVID-19 on February 6, some 20 days earlier than the date the US announced its first death caused by the virus.

The Los Angeles Times quoted Santa Clara County health officer Sara Cody in a piece saying, "we presume that each of them represents community transmission and that there was some significant level of virus circulating in our community in early February."

County Executive Officer Jeffrey V. Smith said this is evidence that the coronavirus was circulating in California as early as January or even earlier.

California Gov. Gavin Newsom has ordered all counties in the state to review autopsies of suspected coronavirus deaths dating back to December.

When did the novel coronavirus first appear in the US? Did community transmission of the coronavirus start sooner than it was reported?

7.全球首個啟動新冠疫苗人體試驗，這麽快是怎麽拿到毒株的？

7.How did the US get the virus strains so soon to start the first human testing of a vaccine against COVID-19?

據《華爾街日報》報道，美國國立衛生研究院(National Institutes of Health)3月16日稱，生物科技公司Moderna Inc. (MRNA)針對新型冠狀病毒的試驗性疫苗已開始首次人體測試。對於全球首次針對新型冠狀病毒的疫苗人體試驗在美國啟動一事，專家表示，美國這一針實在太快了，除非很早就開始進行試驗，更早的拿到了病毒株。美國疫苗人體試驗為何進行得如此之快？美國是什麽時候通過什麽方式獲得的毒株？

The Wall Street Journal on March 16 reported that the first human testing of Moderna Inc.'s experimental vaccine against the COVID-19 had already begun. Experts immediately raised questions about the speed of the vaccine development, saying that it would not be possible unless the US had obtained the virus strains from very early on. So how did the US start the first human testing of the vaccine so soon? When and how did they get the virus strains?

8.政府說疫情不嚴重，官員卻在狂拋股票，為什麽？

8.Why did the US government keep downplaying the pandemic while its officials privately dumped stocks?

據《華盛頓郵報》報道，大約在新冠肺炎疫情引發美股暴跌之前一周，美國國會參議院情報委員會主席理查德·伯爾密集出售了自己和夫人持有的33只股票，估價在62.8萬美元到172萬美元之間。為什麽2月中旬美國政府對本國新冠肺炎疫情輕描淡寫，而參議院情報委員會的多位官員卻在那時拋售價值上百萬的股票？難道政客們竟然一邊利用內幕交易售賣股票，一邊對公眾隱瞞疫情？

According to the Washington Post, US Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr and his wife sold up to 1.7 million in 33 different stocks just one week before the market plunged. Why did these officials at the Committee act so quickly while the government was continually understating the pandemic?

Why is the vital information kept confidential to the public while the government officials were taking advantage to practice insider-trading?

9.不許美國專家學者隨意公開談論新冠病毒，是想幹什麽？

9.Why are US experts not allowed to discuss COVID-19 in public?

據美國《紐約時報》報道，在由副總統邁克·彭斯領導美國防疫工作之後，白宮於當地時間2月27日開始，加強了對新冠病毒信息“發聲”的控制。包括美國國立衛生研究院（NIH）過敏和傳染病研究所(NIAID)主任、美國疾控中心（CDC）頂級傳染病專家安東尼·福西（Anthony S. Fauci）在內的眾多科學家和政府衛生官員被要求：只有與美國副總統辦公室協調商議後，才能發聲明或公開露面談論新冠病毒的相關話題。為什麽號稱言論自由的美國不允許專家學者自由公開討論新冠病毒？是想隱瞞什麽還是在害怕什麽？

The New York Times reported that the White House began tightening controls for all coronavirus messaging from health officials on February 27 after Vice President Mike Pence led the nation's epidemic prevention and control efforts.

Several scientists and government health officials, including the nation's leading infectious disease expert Anthony S. Fauci, have been asked to make statements or make public appearances about the COVID-19 only after consultation with the US vice president's office.

Why does the United States, which claims free speech, not allow experts and scholars to discuss the novel coronavirus in public? Does the US want to hide something or fear of something?

10.海外生物實驗室到底在做什麽研究，為什麽從不向外界透露？

10.What research is being done in the US overseas biological laboratories? Why does the US keep tight-lipped about it?

據俄羅斯衛星通訊社日前報道，俄羅斯國家杜馬國際事務委員會副主席波克隆斯卡婭提議核查世界各地美國生物實驗室的合法性。前不久，俄羅斯外交部發言人就美國在前蘇聯國家建立生物實驗室表達關切。俄羅斯內政、外交和國防領域專家格裏高利·特羅菲姆丘克表示，美國這些生物實驗室所從事的工作從不向外界透露，並且這些實驗室引發了大量的問題，在實驗室所在地就曾爆發過大範圍的麻疹等危險的傳染類疾病。美國建立的這些生物實驗室到底在進行什麽研究？美國為何對這些生物實驗室的功能、用途、安全系數等三緘其口？

Natalia Poklonskaya, deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Foreign Affairs, has proposed verifying the legitimacy of US biological laboratories around the world, according to Sputnik news agency.

Not long ago, a spokesman for the Russian Foreign Ministry expressed concern about the establishment of a biological laboratory in countries from the former Soviet Union.

Grigory Trofimchuk, a Russian expert in the field of internal affairs, foreign affairs, and national defense, said the work of these biological laboratories was never disclosed to the outside world, and that they had caused several problems, with widespread outbreaks of dangerous infectious diseases such as measles at the laboratory site.

What research is being done in these biological laboratories? Why does the US keep tight-lipped about the function, use, the safety of these biological laboratories?

(來源:人民日報客戶端)

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Currently, there is no greater threat to global health, security, and the economy than the emergence of a highly transmissible influenza ...

#96. Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed | NEJM

An H1N1 influenza vaccine was developed relatively rapidly, largely because influenza-vaccine technology was well developed and key ...

#97. Your Child's Immunizations: Influenza Vaccine (Flu Shot)

When Should People Get the Flu Vaccine? Flu viruses usually cause the most illness during the colder months of the year. In the United States, flu season is ...