關於 relativity physics ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

感謝莊學長！

俐媽向台大物理系莊學長邀稿，
請他列一些基本的物理學英文單字，
他馬上答應！

而且認真的學長給了好多資料，
俐媽先post第一部分，
之後還有「古典物理學」大餐😃

其他物理先進，包括景超物理精靈，
都歡迎補充唷！
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⚙️ 俐媽英文教室—物理單字篇part 1 (國高中物理常用英文詞彙)：

1️⃣ 物理領域中主要幾大項分類：
* Classical physics (n.) 古典物理 (國高中大部分在學的物理)
1. classical mechanics (n.) 古典力學
2. thermodynamics (n.) 熱力學
3. electromagnetism (n.) 電磁學 (⚠️ 英模筆記: electro-: 電子的/ magnet n. 磁)

* Modern physics (n.) 近代物理
1. special relativity (n.) 狹義相對論
2. general relativity (n.) 廣義相對論
3. quantum mechanics (n.) 量子力學

2️⃣ 大學常見之研究領域：
1. astrophysics (n.) 天文物理(⚠️ astro-: star)
#俐媽英文教室字根字首字尾篇
2. condensed matter theory (n.) 凝態理論
3. medium & high energy theory (n.) 中高能理論
4. atomic, molecular, and optical physics (n.) 原子、分子、光學物理
5. biophysics (n.) 生物物理
6. nonlinear dynamics (n.) 非線性動力學 (例：混沌理論)
7. semiconductor physics (n.) 半導體物理學(⚠️ semi-: half)
8. Interdisciplinarity (n.) 跨學科
(以上的領域參考於台清交的網站)
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俐媽子弟兵多多，
大家可以多交流，
也很高興你們願意回饋、照顧學弟妹👍🏼
.
#俐媽英文教室
#俐媽英文教室物理篇
#還有沒有其他領域孩子想投稿貢獻
#俐媽十分感謝歡迎
#畢竟各行如隔山
#台大明明的孩子很膩害👍🏼

🌟 2020諾貝爾獎物理獎揭曉 🌟
Announcement of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020

🎉 英國數學物理學家 Roger Penrose
🎇得獎理由：表彰其發現黑洞形成與廣義相對論的研究貢獻。

🎉 德國天體物理學家 Reinhard Genzel
🎉 美國天文學家 Andrea Ghez
🎇得獎理由：表彰其在銀河系中發現超大質量物體的研究貢獻。
______

諾貝爾委員會指出，三位科學家發現宇宙中深處、奇異的現象─黑洞。包括黑洞結構與廣義相對論的關係，以及在銀河系中心發現一個不可見、超大質量物體掌控著星體運行，即是目前為止得出的唯一解釋─黑洞。

物理獎主席David Haviland表示，三位學者的研究對理解超大質量物體有突破性的貢獻，但這神秘奇異的物體仍有許多問題待解決，包括內部結構、以及如何即時、近距離在黑洞中測試重力理論等問題。

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Three Laureates share this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics for their discoveries about one of the most exotic phenomena in the universe, the black hole. Roger Penrose showed that the general theory of relativity leads to the formation of black holes. Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez discovered that an invisible and extremely heavy object governs the orbits of stars at the centre of our galaxy. A supermassive black hole is the only currently known explanation.

“The discoveries of this year’s Laureates have broken new ground in the study of compact and supermassive objects. But these exotic objects still pose many questions that beg for answers and motivate future research. Not only questions about their inner structure, but also questions about how to test our theory of gravity under the extreme conditions in the immediate vicinity of a black hole”, says David Haviland, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.

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官方新聞稿：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/
Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Tue. 6 Oct 2020. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/>

（圖文來源／諾貝爾獎官方推特 https://twitter.com/NobelPrize）

BREAKING NEWS
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to Roger Penrose “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity” and the other half jointly to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez “for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy.”

These three laureates share this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics for their discoveries about one of the most exotic phenomena in the universe, the black hole. Roger Penrose showed that the general theory of relativity leads to the formation of black holes. Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez discovered that an invisible and extremely heavy object governs the orbits of stars at the centre of our galaxy. A supermassive black hole is the only currently known explanation.

Roger Penrose used ingenious mathematical methods in his proof that black holes are a direct consequence of Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Einstein did not himself believe that black holes really exist, these super-heavyweight monsters that capture everything that enters them. Nothing can escape, not even light.

In January 1965, ten years after Einstein’s death, Roger Penrose proved that black holes really can form and described them in detail; at their heart, black holes hide a singularity in which all the known laws of nature cease. His ground-breaking article is still regarded as the most important contribution to the general theory of relativity since Einstein.

Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez each lead a group of astronomers that, since the early 1990s, has focused on a region called Sagittarius A* at the centre of our galaxy. The orbits of the brightest stars closest to the middle of the Milky Way have been mapped with increasing precision. The measurements of these two groups agree, with both finding an extremely heavy, invisible object that pulls on the jumble of stars, causing them to rush around at dizzying speeds. Around four million solar masses are packed together in a region no larger than our solar system.

Using the world’s largest telescopes, Genzel and Ghez developed methods to see through the huge clouds of inter-stellar gas and dust to the centre of the Milky Way. Stretching the limits of technology, they refined new techniques to compensate for distortions caused by the Earth’s atmosphere, building unique instruments and committing themselves to long-term research. Their pioneering work has given us the most convincing evidence yet of a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way.

“The discoveries of this year’s laureates have broken new ground in the study of compact and supermassive objects. But these exotic objects still pose many questions that beg for answers and motivate future research. Not only questions about their inner structure, but also questions about how to test our theory of gravity under the extreme conditions in the immediate vicinity of a black hole,” says David Haviland, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.

Press release: https://bit.ly/309oZqF
Popular information: https://bit.ly/3jjZSJk
Advanced information: https://bit.ly/3kEwwFI

[真人真事]
記得一次有個學生問左一句：「你讀咁多physics就係為左黎教我地呀？」當中語帶諷刺，頓時令我回想起讀書所謂何事，尤其係讀physics。

好多人都會覺得中學讀既physics九唔搭八，有啲topic同日常生活完全脫勾，唔明白自己既青春點解要俾佢去折磨。啲粒子點震關我乜事？個波跌落黎既時候行得幾快關我乜事？當然，呢啲既topic對普通人黎講真係幾抽象，但係對一個工程師黎講，呢啲數真係救你一命。你而家生活入面接觸既每一個產品，小至一支原子筆，大至一層樓，背後都有一個工程師團隊，「大話怕計數」，有時一啲設計師諗諗下以為OK既設計，最後都要過工程師手，等佢睇下到底可唔可行，呢啲全部都要計一啲physics既數。中學培育既，就係一班科技人材，而唔一個普通人。

然而我並無因為physics既實用去讀engine，讀physics對我黎講有更大既意義，就係好奇。如果你問任何關於現實既問題，最後最根本既，你必定會去到physics。喺大學大一晚同同學討論到哲學問題，如果人係由粒子組成，而粒子只根據物理定律去運行，人又邊有自由可言？的確，如果你不斷發問，一定會問到世界由乜嘢組成？佢背後既運作原理係乜？而佢地都係physics想探討既嘢。

人生之中最完美緊係你有能力做到自己想做既事，而你想做既事又咁啱係呢個社會想你做既事，但係呢個世界邊有咁完美。中學揀科揀黎揀去都係嗰幾科，無你鍾意既之餘，你又無膽無能力離開中學自己去搵新一片天，喺呢個時候，你最可以做既，就係嘗試吓愛上你已經揀左既科。或者你無諗過要從事讀或者做同physics相關既嘢，或者對你黎講physics的確無乜樂趣可言，即使係咁都好，如果你無辦法改變現狀，不如試下搵個理由推動自己，總好過你一直自怨自艾咁原地踏步。

愛因斯坦廣義相對論的論文於1915年發表，到今年正好是100週年。廣義相對論顛覆了我們對宇宙的想像，他的背後又有什麼故事呢？

歷史的瞬間，改變世界的起點；都在科學史上的今天：
3/14——愛因斯坦誕辰
http://goo.gl/Apdr8y
4/18——愛因斯坦的大腦不見了
http://goo.gl/DisB2B