關於 skin cancer risk factor ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

酒糟是慢性皮膚發炎疾病，最近有不少文獻探討酒糟跟心血管、消化道、神經系統、自體免疫疾病，還有精神問題有關，甚至有研究認為酒糟越嚴重，跟那些系統性疾病的關聯性越大，但目前仍未有定論。

2015年台灣研究指出，跟酒糟病人顯著有關的心血管問題是血脂異常、冠狀動脈心臟病跟高血壓。去除高血壓、血脂異常、糖尿病因素後，發現冠心症是獨立跟酒糟相關的疾病，而且男性的酒糟患者比女性患者有更高機率合併這些系統性疾病。

後來在一個大規模的研究中發現，最常見跟酒糟有關的問題是憂鬱，再來依序為高血壓、心血管疾病、焦慮症、血脂異常、糖尿病、偏頭痛、類風濕性關節炎、幽門桿菌、潰瘍性結腸炎等等。至於精神問題中的憂慮跟焦慮在酒糟病人最常見，推論可能跟有同樣的發炎機轉有關。心血管疾病中，則以冠狀動脈心臟病跟酒糟病人最為相關，因此酒糟被認為是冠心症的獨立危險因子。然而，腸胃道疾病以目前的資料無法確切證實關聯性。

今年最新發表的一個統合性研究指出，在50442位酒糟病人中，有較高機率有血脂異常還有高血壓的情形，但並未發現跟缺血性心臟病、中風和糖尿病的關聯性。目前認為神經血管調節異常是酒糟跟高血壓的共同機轉，先前也有研究發現某些血壓藥可以舒緩酒糟症狀，或是讓酒糟變嚴重。如果酒糟病人罹患高血壓，首選降壓藥物會是carvedilol和spironolactone ; 降壓藥中的鈣離子阻斷劑會讓血管擴張，酒糟患者不宜使用。此外，酒糟病人的慢性發炎反應可能和血脂異常有關，因此有學者強烈建議若是酒糟病人同時有高血脂問題，首選藥物是statin類的藥，因為除了降血脂外，還有抗發炎的功效 ; 然而statin類的藥可否改善酒糟病人的皮膚症狀則有待更多研究。

那酒糟是癌症的危險因子嗎？西方國家的學者認為酒糟跟某些癌症的致病機轉有關，例如：非黑色素細胞癌的皮膚癌、甲狀腺癌、乳癌和肝癌，但以台灣今年發表的研究結果(65526位酒糟病人)看來，似乎沒找到酒糟跟特定癌症的相關性，或許跟不同種族的基因變異性有關。

整合以上文獻，台灣的酒糟患者在血壓、血脂和冠狀動脈心臟病方面似乎有多加注意的必要，當然其他系統問題也不能忽略。總之，美麗不只有外在的皮相，內在的健康也要多注意喔！

Ref :

1. Is rosacea a risk factor for cancer: A population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Dermatol Sin 2020;38:15-21.

2. Association Between Rosacea and Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Apr 28;S0190-9622(20)30729-5.

3. Comorbidities in Rosacea: A Systematic Review and Update. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Apr;78(4):786-792.e8.

4. Rosacea Is Associated With Chronic Systemic Diseases in a Skin Severity-Dependent Manner: Results of a Case-Control Study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Oct;73(4):604-8.

5. Cardiovascular Comorbidities in Patients With Rosacea: A Nationwide Case-Control Study From Taiwan. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Aug;73(2):249-54

#酒糟

#共病症

#高血壓

#血脂異常

#冠狀動脈心臟病

#林政賢皮膚科

#從名畫看皮膚科

146 Reasons Why Sugar Is Ruining Your Health
146 เหตุผลที่เราไม่ควรกินน้ำตาล
By Nancy Appleton, Ph.D.
(สำหรับคนที่ยังคิดว่ามันมีข้อดีบ้างครับ อาหารทุกชนิดมีข้อดีบ้าง เพียงแต่ว่าเราต้องชั่งข้อดีกับข้อเสียกันครับ)
1. Sugar can suppress the immune system.
2. Sugar upsets the mineral relationships in the body.
3. Sugar can cause hyperactivity, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and crankiness in children.
4. Sugar can produce a significant rise in triglycerides.
5. Sugar contributes to the reduction in defense against bacterial infection (infectious diseases).
6. Sugar causes a loss of tissue elasticity and function, the more sugar you eat the more elasticity and function you loose.
7. Sugar reduces high density lipoproteins.
8. Sugar leads to chromium deficiency.
9 Sugar leads to cancer of the ovaries.
10. Sugar can increase fasting levels of glucose.
11. Sugar causes copper deficiency.
12. Sugar interferes with absorption of calcium and magnesium.
13. Sugar can weaken eyesight.
14. Sugar raises the level of a neurotransmitters: dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.
15. Sugar can cause hypoglycemia.
16. Sugar can produce an acidic digestive tract.
17. Sugar can cause a rapid rise of adrenaline levels in children.
18. Sugar malabsorption is frequent in patients with functional bowel disease.
19. Sugar can cause premature aging.
20. Sugar can lead to alcoholism.
21. Sugar can cause tooth decay.
22. Sugar contributes to obesity
23. High intake of sugar increases the risk of Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.
24. Sugar can cause changes frequently found in person with gastric or duodenal ulcers.
25. Sugar can cause arthritis.
26. Sugar can cause asthma.
27. Sugar greatly assists the uncontrolled growth of Candida Albicans (yeast infections).
28. Sugar can cause gallstones.
29. Sugar can cause heart disease.
30. Sugar can cause appendicitis.
31. Sugar can cause multiple sclerosis.
32. Sugar can cause hemorrhoids.
33. Sugar can cause varicose veins.
34. Sugar can elevate glucose and insulin responses in oral contraceptive users.
35. Sugar can lead to periodontal disease.
36. Sugar can contribute to osteoporosis.
37. Sugar contributes to saliva acidity.
38. Sugar can cause a decrease in insulin sensitivity.
39. Sugar can lower the amount of Vitamin E (alpha-Tocopherol in the blood.
40. Sugar can decrease growth hormone.
41. Sugar can increase cholesterol.
42. Sugar can increase the systolic blood pressure.
43. Sugar can cause drowsiness and decreased activity in children.
44. High sugar intake increases advanced glycation end products (AGEs)(Sugar bound non-enzymatically to protein)
45. Sugar can interfere with the absorption of protein.
46. Sugar causes food allergies.
47. Sugar can contribute to diabetes.
48. Sugar can cause toxemia during pregnancy.
49. Sugar can contribute to eczema in children.
50. Sugar can cause cardiovascular disease.
51. Sugar can impair the structure of DNA
52. Sugar can change the structure of protein.
53. Sugar can make our skin age by changing the structure of collagen.
54. Sugar can cause cataracts.
55. Sugar can cause emphysema.
56. Sugar can cause atherosclerosis.
57. Sugar can promote an elevation of low density lipoproteins (LDL).
58. High sugar intake can impair the physiological homeostasis of many systems in the body.
59. Sugar lowers the enzymes ability to function.
60. Sugar intake is higher in people with Parkinson’s disease.
61. Sugar can cause a permanent altering the way the proteins act in the body.
62. Sugar can increase the size of the liver by making the liver cells divide.
63. Sugar can increase the amount of liver fat.
64. Sugar can increase kidney size and produce pathological changes in the kidney.
65. Sugar can damage the pancreas.
66. Sugar can increase the body's fluid retention.
67. Sugar is enemy #1 of the bowel movement.
68. Sugar can cause myopia (nearsightedness).
69. Sugar can compromise the lining of the capillaries.
70. Sugar can make the tendons more brittle.
71. Sugar can cause headaches, including migraine.
72. Sugar plays a role in pancreatic cancer in women.
73. Sugar can adversely affect school children's grades and cause learning disorders..
74. Sugar can cause an increase in delta, alpha, and theta brain waves.
75. Sugar can cause depression.
76. Sugar increases the risk of gastric cancer.
77. Sugar and cause dyspepsia (indigestion).
78. Sugar can increase your risk of getting gout.
79. Sugar can increase the levels of glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test over the ingestion of complex carbohydrates.
80. Sugar can increase the insulin responses in humans consuming high-sugar diets compared to low sugar diets.
81 High refined sugar diet reduces learning capacity.
82. Sugar can cause less effective functioning of two blood proteins, albumin, and lipoproteins, which may reduce the body’s ability to handle fat and cholesterol.
83. Sugar can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease.
84. Sugar can cause platelet adhesiveness.
85. Sugar can cause hormonal imbalance; some hormones become underactive and others become overactive.
86. Sugar can lead to the formation of kidney stones.
87. Sugar can lead to the hypothalamus to become highly sensitive to a large variety of stimuli.
88. Sugar can lead to dizziness.
89. Diets high in sugar can cause free radicals and oxidative stress.
90. High sucrose diets of subjects with peripheral vascular disease significantly increases platelet adhesion.
91. High sugar diet can lead to biliary tract cancer.
92. Sugar feeds cancer.
93. High sugar consumption of pregnant adolescents is associated with a twofold increased risk for delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant.
94. High sugar consumption can lead to substantial decrease in gestation duration among adolescents.
95. Sugar slows food's travel time through the gastrointestinal tract.
96. Sugar increases the concentration of bile acids in stools and bacterial enzymes in the colon. This can modify bile to produce cancer-causing compounds and colon cancer.
97. Sugar increases estradiol (the most potent form of naturally occurring estrogen) in men.
98. Sugar combines and destroys phosphatase, an enzyme, which makes the process of digestion more difficult.
99. Sugar can be a risk factor of gallbladder cancer.
100. Sugar is an addictive substance.
101. Sugar can be intoxicating, similar to alcohol.
102. Sugar can exacerbate PMS.
103. Sugar given to premature babies can affect the amount of carbon dioxide they produce.
104. Decrease in sugar intake can increase emotional stability.
105. The body changes sugar into 2 to 5 times more fat in the bloodstream than it does starch.
106. The rapid absorption of sugar promotes excessive food intake in obese subjects.
107. Sugar can worsen the symptoms of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
108. Sugar adversely affects urinary electrolyte composition.
109. Sugar can slow down the ability of the adrenal glands to function.
110. Sugar has the potential of inducing abnormal metabolic processes in a normal healthy individual and to promote chronic degenerative diseases.
111.. I.Vs (intravenous feedings) of sugar water can cut off oxygen to the brain.
112. High sucrose intake could be an important risk factor in lung cancer.
113. Sugar increases the risk of polio.
114. High sugar intake can cause epileptic seizures.
115. Sugar causes high blood pressure in obese people.
116. In Intensive Care Units, limiting sugar saves lives.
117. Sugar may induce cell death.
118. Sugar can increase the amount of food that you eat.
119. In juvenile rehabilitation camps, when children were put on a low sugar diet, there was a 44% drop in antisocial behavior.
120. Sugar can lead to prostrate cancer.
121. Sugar dehydrates newborns.
122. Sugar increases the estradiol in young men.
123. Sugar can cause low birth weight babies.
124. Greater consumption of refined sugar is associated with a worse outcome of schizophrenia
125. Sugar can raise homocysteine levels in the blood stream.
126. Sweet food items increase the risk of breast cancer.
127. Sugar is a risk factor in cancer of the small intestine.
128. Sugar may cause laryngeal cancer.
129. Sugar induces salt and water retention.
130. Sugar may contribute to mild memory loss.
131. As sugar increases in the diet of 10 years olds, there is a linear decrease in the intake of many essential nutrients.
132. Sugar can increase the total amount of food consumed.
133. Exposing a newborn to sugar results in a heightened preference for sucrose relative to water at 6 months and 2 years of age.
134. Sugar causes constipation.
135. Sugar causes varicous veins.
136. Sugar can cause brain decay in prediabetic and diabetic women.
137. Sugar can increase the risk of stomach cancer.
138. Sugar can cause metabolic syndrome.
139. Sugar ingestion by pregnant women increases neural tube defects in embryos.
140. Sugar can be a factor in asthma.
141. The higher the sugar consumption the more chances of getting irritable bowel syndrome.
142. Sugar could affect central reward systems.
143. Sugar can cause cancer of the rectum.
144. Sugar can cause endometrial cancer.
145. Sugar can cause renal (kidney) cell carcinoma.
146. Sugar can cause liver tumors.