關於 動森樹樁 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

#新北Youbike 2.0上路🚲
#北大特區 會勘完成

身為Youbike愛用者🙋🏻‍♀️，我常接到陳情，希望能新增站點，或是增加腳踏車車輛數。現在即將一步一步實現！

市府預計在今年底前：

☑️既有Youbike 1.0的650站，陸續增加2.0車柱
☑️在捷運週邊、跨台北和桃園邊境、以及已確認可新增的站點，設置2.0租借站

這週，我和 #樹林南園里李培鈺里長 #三峽龍學里周秀鳳里長 #三峽龍恩里黃家賢里長，與相關單位一同會勘北大特區8處站點，依照現場實際狀況，評估設置2.0車柱可行性，方便民眾跨點借還！

📍會勘站點
①柑園五里活動中心｜佳園路三段、桃子腳路
②學成大成路口｜學成路712號旁
③學成大義路口｜學成路大義路口西北側人行道
④森林公園｜學勤路382號對面
⑤海洋公園｜大義路與學勤路口
⑥龍埔國小｜大學路47號對面
⑦台北大學｜學勤路與大學路口
⑧台北大學資訊中心｜大學路151號

我們從大太陽會勘到下大雨，再到雨停地乾，確認了 #八個既有Youbike站點都可設置2點零車柱，每個站點約10-40輛車不等。

期待早日騎到新車❗️

如果您居住、工作、就學的地方，有合適的地點，也歡迎留言給我！我來協助爭取💪🏻

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Ubike 2.0 有什麼不一樣👀
✅多元支付
智慧車機提供手機綁定掃碼＋電子票證多元租借方式。
✅綠能供電
智慧車機和停車柱，採綠能太陽能板設計，無電輕樁設站效率UP！
✅智慧功能
音效提示、無鑰匙上鎖、單手調整座椅，使用更便利

0806紐約時報

*【美國收緊汽車排放量規定，推動逐步淘汰燃油車】
拜登設定目標稱，到2030年，美國銷售的汽車中將有一半是電動車。此外，拜登還對美國在電動汽車製造方面落後於中國表示擔憂。他認為，重組汽車和電池行業可以創造就業機會，提升美國貿易實力。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/05/climate/biden-tailpipe-emissions-electric-vehicles.html

*【“我們失去了Greenville：加州小鎮被南部野火吞噬】
一場狂風肆虐的野火一夜之間席捲了加州北部小鎮Greenville，將這座歷史小鎮大部分都夷為平地，這場火災是今年加州最大的火災，也是該州有記錄以來第六大火災，燃燒面積超過322000英畝。自從大火於7月14日開始以來，至少有45座建築物被摧毀。消防官員估計，Greenville 75% 的建築物已在大火中消失。作為淘金熱小鎮，Greenville擁有許多19世紀的建築，其主街外牆讓人想起古老的西部片。自7月下旬以來，居民一直在努力應對野火疏散命令。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/05/us/dixie-fire-greenville-california.html

*【研究表明，一個關鍵的洋流系統滯留造成威脅】
大西洋中的水以一種複雜的模式不斷迴圈，影響著幾大洲的天氣。氣候科學家一直在問一個關鍵問題：這個包括墨西哥灣流在內的龐大系統是否因為氣候變化而減速。如果情況發生重大變化，後果可能是可怕的，可能包括美國東海岸和歐洲部分地區海平面上升速度加快、進入美國東南部的颶風增強、非洲部分地區降雨量減少以及熱帶季風系統的變化。根據週四發表在科學雜誌《自然氣候變化》上的一項新分析，現在，科學家們已經發現了這個關鍵海洋系統處於危險之中的早期預警信號。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/05/us/gulf-stream-collapse.html

*【Covid-19實時更新】
#紐澤西州州長週五宣布學生戴口罩的規定。由於最近新冠病毒病例激增，公立學校的學生，從幼兒園到高中生，在復課時都必須戴口罩
#Novavax再次延後旗下新冠候選疫苗送件時間至年底。
#維吉尼亞州將要求州工作人員接種疫苗或接受檢測。從秋季開始，美國人口最多的縣洛杉磯縣也將要求其員工出示疫苗接種證明。
#白宮擔心隨著新學年的臨近，年輕人的冠狀病毒疫苗接種率會滯後，因此週四公佈了一項新舉措，包括招募兒科醫生將疫苗接種納入返校體育檢查項目，並鼓勵學校開設自己的疫苗接種站。
#波士頓代理市長Kim Janey將疫苗護照與要求黑人出示身份證件的種族主義政策進行了比較，引起了轟動。她未經編寫的評論引起了她的政治對手和紐約市長白思豪的尖銳批評。周二被問及她是否支持要求人們在進入餐廳、健身房、電影院和其他室內公共場所時出示疫苗接種證明，Kim Janey警告說，此類政策將對有色人種社區造成不成比例的影響.
#隨著病毒病例的增加，古巴關塔那摩將加強對已接種疫苗的遊客的檢測。
#法國和德國將在今年秋季加強注射，無視世衛組織的呼籲。法國總統馬克洪在 Instagram中表示，“很可能需要第三劑，不是立即對所有人，而是對最脆弱和最年長的人。” 法國正準備從9月開始進行。
#數百萬未接種疫苗的兒童即將返回課堂，教師對冠狀病毒疫苗的要求越來越明確。全國擁有 170 萬會員的美國教師聯合會主席Randi Weingarten表示，她支支持施打疫苗規定。
#隨著 Delta 變種使病例激增，路易斯安那州的疫苗接種率上升。最近幾週，路易斯安那州對冠狀病毒疫苗的需求幾乎翻了兩番，這預示著該病毒的致命現實可能正在打破誤解和錯誤信息的僵局。
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/08/05/world/covid-delta-variant-vaccine

*【分析發現，基礎設施法案將使赤字增加 2560 億美元】
週四，共和黨和民主黨爭先恐後地為參議院投票通過一兆美元的跨黨派基礎設施法案排憂解難，儘管國會統計發現，該法案將在未來十年增加2500多億美元的聯邦赤字。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/05/us/politics/infrastructure-bill.html

*【美國允許在美港人延期居留18個月】
拜登總統批准了對在美香港居民“延期強制離境”的特別庇護，表示這一命令有“令人信服的外交政策理由”。此舉是拜登政府試圖回應香港鎮壓異見的最新舉措。美國上個月對與破壞香港民主自由有關的中國官員進行了制裁。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/05/us/politics/biden-hong-kong-deportation.html

*【伊朗強硬派總統萊希宣誓就職】
60歲的萊希是該國最高領袖哈梅內伊的親密盟友，上臺前曾負責領導司法部門、長期擔任檢察官。他也是因人權問題遭美國制裁的伊朗官員之一。當前伊朗處於一個動盪時期，與以色列的關係尤為緊張；疫情肆虐、水資源短缺和美國制裁也加劇了經濟疲軟，這被認為是萊希面臨的最緊迫的問題。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/05/world/middleeast/iran-president-ebrahim-raisi.html

*【針對紐約州長科莫的彈劾調查接近尾聲】
其律師被要求在下週五之前提交辯護證據。調查委員會主席表示，紐約州議會將很快考慮針對他的“潛在彈劾條款”。彈劾調查於今年3月開始，調查了數樁醜聞，包括他在疫情期間對療養院死亡事件的處理，在其性騷擾調查報告出爐後加速進行。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/05/nyregion/andrew-cuomo-impeachment.html

*【CNN的科莫難題：明星主播與他醜聞纏身的兄長】
作為CNN當家主播，克里斯·科莫被曝曾參與兄長應對性騷擾指控的戰略會議，他在自己的節目上也沒有報導性騷擾調查結果這一重磅新聞。這讓外界對其客觀性表示質疑。
https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20210805/chris-andrew-cuomo-cnn/

*【孟加拉一婚禮迎親船遭雷擊，至少17人死亡】
當局表示，14人被送往醫院，新郎也在傷者之中。孟加拉大多數雷擊死亡事件發生在3月至7月之間。該國每年都有數百人遭雷擊致死，其中大部分是田地上的農民。專家表示，森林砍伐導致許多原本可以承受雷擊的高大樹木消失，空氣污染和全球變暖也導致雷擊頻率增加。
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/05/world/asia/bangladesh-lightning-wedding.html

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

跟柳丁哥哥探索大自然！看更多【好好玩自然】►►https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLo_HY74ov2N1M5nuSRzV5AX6HOdrb6fxN
旗津是一個獨立的（泥沙沉積而成的）沙洲小島，也是高雄最早的港口。但不只有這樣喔，這裡的岸邊有美麗的珊瑚礁，岸上有像森林一樣的防風林，許多特別的動物就住在這片特殊的地形上，崇瑋到底要帶我們去找哪些動物朋友呢？走，來去交朋友囉！

1.疣尾蝎虎：蝎虎是軀幹長約4到6公分，最大全長可達13公分，身體主要由黑色、褐色、灰色或白色所構成，而且顏色會隨著環境而加深或變淺。體背除了有較細小的粒鱗，還有許多較大型的疣鱗，尾部有許多櫛刺狀的鱗片，而深淺不一的鱗片也形成體背的縱線或是由頸部延伸到尾部規則分佈的斑塊。四肢指下有單列指瓣，且第一指有爪。蝎虎常出沒於居家屋舍、路燈或近光源處，鳴聲響亮，是一種主要在夜間活動的蜥蜴，尾部極容易自割，以昆蟲和其他小型無脊椎動物為食。
2.黃斑椿象：又名黃斑椿、麻皮蝽，中小型的樁象，體長約1.5～2.5公分，身體呈灰黑色，散布著黃色斑紋，體內含有臭腺，會發出惡臭。春夏季為繁殖期，常可在樹葉上看到椿象一顆顆排列整齊淡黃綠色的蟲卵。生活環境為平地或低海拔地區。
3.斯文豪氏攀蜥：斯文豪氏攀蜥為體長約8公分，最大全長可達31公分的蜥蜴，也是臺灣產攀木蜥蜴中體型最大的種類。尾部不會自割的斯文豪氏攀蜥，體背以黃褐色為主，背部兩側有菱斑連貫成黃綠色縱帶。斯文豪氏攀蜥也是具有雌雄二型性的物種，雄性的背部縱斑較雌性明顯，顏色也較鮮明。嘴白色，口腔內為灰白色或與黑色，喉部有白斑。身體以黃褐色為主的斯文豪氏攀蜥，體色也會隨著環境的不同，而做小幅度的變色，以增加隱蔽的效果。
4.台灣大蝗：是臺灣所有蝗蟲中體型最大的一種，雌蟲身長大於雄蟲。體色為鮮豔的綠色，頭、胸具凹凸不平的瘤斑，複眼下方具一條黃色的縱紋。成蟲秋季出現，夜晚會鳴叫，以後腳和前翅摩擦，會發出“刷沙”的聲音。
5.臭青公(幼蛇)：最大約265公分 ，吻端至眼睛上方有王字形斑紋，體背為黃褐色或灰褐色，前半段具黑色斜橫紋和白色、棕色、褐色構成斑駁的花紋，身體後部為一致顏色。棲息於森林底層、灌叢、草叢、乾溝和石堆洞穴等環境，白天晚間均會活動，性凶猛活潑，動作迅速敏捷，具攻擊性，肛門腺相當發達，能分泌惡臭之分泌物，因而得名。以蛙類，鳥類，鳥蛋和鼠類等小型哺乳動物為食，有時也會吃蛇類，蜥蝪類，甚至吃同類的幼蛇。
6.越南叢木蠍：臺灣唯一大型蠍子，也稱為斑點蠍、台灣斑紋樹皮蠍。全身褐色，身上有斑點，有尾針與一對長螯。雄蠍約6公分、母蠍約4公分。棲地有海邊、樹林、岩壁。
7.高冠變色龍：因為頭上高聳的肉冠而得名頗為貼切，是少數分佈於亞洲的種類，其餘大多分佈於非洲，特別是馬達加斯加島上。幼年時期的高冠並無變色能力，體色是單純的淺綠色。一般在六個月後就可以成年，體色變化主要是用來表達情緒和傳達訊息的功用多於偽裝與欺敵的作用。頭上的高冠主要是用來凝聚霧氣成為水珠以供飲用的工具。需要大量的陽光紫外線和鈣質補充。食性上是屬於雜食性，以舌頭投射捕食蟋蟀的精準度令人嘆為觀止。

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