Question 1

大慈樹王赤王 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

20210824 黃偉民易經講堂美國放棄阿富汗，塔利班在天津得到王毅祝福，揮軍直搗喀布爾，天下大亂。闖王入京，崇禎自縊，但李自成沒有坐天下。山賊流寇，有覆滅一朝之能，卻無濟世救民之策，大家只能等待不可預計的變數。明末，有吳三桂，衝冠一怒，長白山下的滿人，孤兒寡婦入關……直到八國聯軍，慈禧帶著光緒，也是孤兒寡婦的出關到西安。這樣的來，這樣的去；如是因，如是果。北京，急不及待在聯合國安全理事會，提案取消塔利班是恐怖主義團體的議案時，五大常任理事國，中英美法俄，第一個跳出來，使用否決權的，不是西方的美國、英國、法國，竟然是俄羅斯。普京否決了中共的提案，同時，暗示會讓塔吉克、吉爾吉斯、烏茲別克，中亞三國，支持阿富汗北方軍閥，殺回喀布爾。印度亦即跳出來，宣布永不承認塔利班政權。其他的巴基斯坦、伊朗、土耳其、埃及，都虎視眈眈。亂局已成，中、美、俄，三大勢力，在這裡鬥智鬥力。北京意識到，戰狼外交，根本不是外交，在國際社會，其實無朋友。阿富汗這個燙手山芋，接又不是，不接又不是。大陸後欄著火，掀動疆獨，始終寢食難安。上星期的人大常委會，在北京審議香港的《反外國制裁法》放在《基本法》附件三的議案。事前殺氣騰騰，由林鄭帶頭，一眾鄭若驊、陳茂波等騎呢怪，大聲指出，反制裁法的重要，以眼還眼，不能永遠處於捱打狀態云云。一眾打手傳媒，又解釋這法例的利害，如現在美國制裁香港官員，銀行要這些官員取消戶口，香港有了這條《反制裁法》便可使用其中第四條，「直接或間接實施岐視性限制措施的組織」，將之列入反制清單，香港特區政府，可以將銀行負責人驅逐出境，並且扣押這些銀行在香港的資產。個人上，包括被制裁者的配偶及直系親屬；組織上，包括高級管理人員及營運者。利害了，一眾問責高官和建制菁英都興奮莫名。誰知，罕有地，在星期五（20日）北京叫停這條《反外國制裁法》列入《基本法》內。做法詭異！開會前大鑼大鼓的宣傳這招的利害，林鄭一眾官員又爭相表態，告訴市民這條法案的重要性。傳媒打手又呼前喝後的解釋，愛國愛港市民，買定花生，等睇美國佬出醜。誰知，人大常委說：許多細節尚待進一步斟酌。本來大聲支持立法的一眾高官，又出來大聲支持人大常委今次的叫停喎！外交內困，瘟疫洪澇，民不聊生，北京權力底氣出了問題。季孫之憂，始終在蕭牆之內。民不聊生，最好還是攞出老祖宗的立國絕技：殺土豪，分田地。習近平提出，「共同富裕」和「三次分配」，解決目前的貧富不均社會現狀。騰訊的馬化騰最乖，立即撥出五百億來意思意思，其他的民企，應該看著辦吧！香港的財閥地霸，在中港融合的前提下，不是買包花生看熱鬧，就可保健康愉快吧！共產主義實踐了一百年，歷史上證明它可以有效地很快均貧，從來無出現過均富。一般香港人苦了三十年，到親共攞著數的財閥開始不安了。困局，人人都在困局之中，有條件的，無條件的，人人一樣，無人可以倖免。《周易》第四十七卦，澤水困卦。困卦，是跟著：姤卦、萃卦、升卦，然後困卦，這樣來的。時代的機遇，帶出了天風姤卦，不期而遇。一連串不可預期的邂逅機緣。抓住時機，薈萃資源，人才資金，經驗地理，這就是澤地萃卦。然後再發揮菁英資源的力量，創造高成長的氣勢的，就是地風升卦。《序卦傳》說：升而不已必困。困，是升出來的。四十四卦是姤卦，四十五卦是萃卦，四十六卦是升卦，四十七卦是困卦。澤水困卦，澤無水，困。困字，為木在室內，四周被堵死，入了銅牆鐵壁。木，本來代表生機，樹木的特性是伸展枝葉。但一旦入了困卦，活力全被扼殺，枝葉無法伸展。升卦的《大象傳》說：積小以高大。是幼苗長成大樹的象。到了困卦，大樹無法伸展，無法從外界攝取資源。所以，成長停滯不前。所以，受困的，並非本領差，只是環境發生變化，缺乏適度的節制，才受困。《序卦傳》說：升而不已必困，故受之以困。困乎上者必反下，故受之以井。井道不可不革，故受之以革。困乎上者，澤中無水，所有有形無形，有用無用的資源都枯竭，「必反下」，《周易》的「反」字，是回歸基本。反，是動詞，在上面受困了，就要思考，是不是還有其他資源在深藏呢？外在的名、利、人際關係都失了，就是困乎上，外面行不通了，回過頭來，另覓門徑，故受之以井，要開發新資源。井道不可不革，故受之以革。由四十六卦的升卦，到四十九卦的革卦，其實，中間就是紓困。掘井成功，接通水源，井水冒出來，所有現存的問題，就迎刃而解了。但開發一口新井，不會一擊即中，要不斷調整。井道不可不革，代表大幅度的創新改造。從完全無水，到搵泉脈，慢慢滲出一點水，再到井水甜美，中間必然經過革的過程。革，是扭轉乾坤；井，是人力改造。要人力挖井，將無用變有用，從地下到地上，然後發揮功能，這個過程，就是革卦。上天要造就你，先困住你，你才可能遇到創新的機會。澤水困卦，三陰三陽。陽爻代表實力，陰爻代表實力不足。在困境之中，有實力的陽爻受困，沒有實力的陰爻也受困。陰爻，是物質上的困；陽爻，是精神處境的困。人在困境，便想到革，改革、革命，推翻一切，再造乾坤。但根據《周易》的卦序，困卦和革卦的中間，還有一個井卦。澤水困，澤中的水，在下面流走了，所以坐困愁城。這時，要革。原來水源不單是來自天上，地下也可以有水，那便是井了。挖井，象徵開發表面看不到的潛在資源。開井成功，資源再現，困局便得以解決，重寫遊戲規則，這便是革故鼎新，再造乾坤了。困卦六支爻，代表社會六個階層，面對不同的困局。初六，是困卦下卦在野的社會基層。臀困於株木，入于幽谷，三歲不覿。初六，陰爻，物質上，看得到的困。臀，是動詞，困于株木，一屁股坐在枯死的老樹根上。大樹生機斷絕，從升卦的大樹，遭到電打雷劈，樹幹倒了，剩下樹根樹頭，就叫株木。也就是成語「守株待兔」的株。升而不已必困的象，全出現在困卦的初爻。萬丈高樓垮了，剩下地基，像今日的香港，大家基層市民，走又無條件，坐在上面苦思出路。為什麼要強調臀？因為從升卦的雲端跌落困卦的谷底，連站起來的力氣都沒有了。而株木，又剛好可以提供歇息之地。入于幽谷，只有你一人，便叫幽谷。人生跌到谷底，進入最幽暗的世界，獨自在寂寞無人的幽谷之中，這種寂寞，孤獨的時間，通常感覺是很長的，所以說，三歲不覿。三歲，長時間；不覿，無法與人見面。《小象傳》說：入于幽谷，幽不明也。黑暗到了極點，前途看不到一絲光明。升卦最後一爻叫「冥升」，跟著是困卦的初爻叫「幽谷」。合起來便是幽冥地獄。初六爻變，變為兌為澤卦，兩澤相連，上下卦都是兌卦。兌為澤，互相滋潤，《大象傳》說：君子以朋友講習。這裡說的「朋友」，即是機緣。兌為悅，這個幽谷之象，便是人生的再學習機緣。初六是痛定思痛，尋找脫困的時機。困卦第二爻，是在野菁英，九二。困于酒食，朱紱方來，利用享祀。征凶，無咎。困，可以是物質上，也可以是精神上。九二陽爻，又得中。別人看來，是有實力的菁英階層。但九二失位無應，內心不樂。有酒有飯，朱紱（官服、聘書）又方來，政府想用你，收編，但與九五，陽遇陽衝突，收買你不是欣賞你，只是要你收聲，不是聽你意見。這個時候，利用享祀，即祭鬼神。誠意，加上自己問心無愧，困的時候，很多人靠宗教支持，在升時，這是不會出現的。征凶，勉強前行，凶多吉少。《小象傳》說：困于酒食，中有慶也。九二始終是得中，陽爻又是有能力的人。不為所用，只是精神失意；有慶，值得高興，眾喜也。九二爻變為澤地萃卦，九二菁英，可以薈聚其他菁英，始終是有才能的人，趁困局，可以藉機薈聚群雄。困卦第三爻，是社會上在野的頂層，既得利益階層，是太平時攞最多的卦頂人物。六三，困于石，據于蒺藜。入其宮，不見其妻，凶。六三爻在下卦頂，既得利益者，這種人的困，最糟糕。失位，不中，無應。上下為兩支陽爻所困，中央官僚看你唔起，在野菁英又看你唔起。兩邊不是人。困于石，與上六，陰遇陰，阻窒無應，像一塊大石擋住了前路。行不得。沒法向前，想退後，但六三乘剛，據于蒺藜，一直依附的，原來是有刺的。莫說退，連停下來喘口氣都難。進退不得，很狼狽。在這種情況下，一般人，想回家，回到自己主場。不見其妻，妻子是人倫關係中最親的人，但都見不到，象徵眾叛親離了。即使返回主場，連以往最可信賴的人，都沒有了。《小象傳》說：據于蒺藜，乘剛也。首先，六三最大問題，不是困于石，是據于蒺藜。與上面無應，打不通北京人脈，很普通；但你一直依附的香港地方勢力，是蒺藜，害死你的，選錯了依靠的對象。《小象傳》接著說：入于其宮，不見其妻，不祥也。為什麼不祥？最親的人，都不會支持你。回到主場，嫡系子弟都不見了。這是一個困死的爻。爻變為澤風大過卦。澤滅木，以往賴以生存的東西，反成為致命的打擊。孔子在《繫傳》中，對這支爻的批評是：非所困而困焉，在不應該受困的地方被困住了，名必辱。天地這麼大，為什麼被困在這裡？身敗名裂是必然的。非所據而據焉，身必危。在不恰當的地方作依靠，一定要性命之憂。既辱且危，死期將至，妻其可得見耶？孔子認為，人生不可能無困，也不一口可能無據。但要視乎所困所據，是否恰當合宜，也即是說是否合乎天理，即宇宙的規律。六三失位不中乘剛無應，他的困是自己製造出來的。也就是我們說的，自作孽，不可活。既辱又危，死期都到了，又如何見到妻子呢？即最親近的人呢？象徵這個處境，眾叛親離了。困卦第四爻，在上卦，已是執政的官僚了。九四，來徐徐，困于金車，吝，有終。易經的爻際關係，來，是向下；去，是向上。九四是執政官僚，來，是和初六的基層有應；去，是乘九五君位，兩者取捨，先照顧民眾。初六是基層群眾，九四是執政官僚。官僚政策，照顧社會基層，是天經地義的。但困于金車，困的時候，官僚的制肘很多。對於初六，它承九二，應九四，官僚和菁英，都在爭取群眾支持。對官僚來說，九二菁英便是對手了。要來徐徐，不能急。政策見效要時間，意見領袖生活在下卦，和初六同一空間。官僚要政策落實，不能操之過急。吝，有阻窒，有終，為民謀福利，做官的，總有好結果。《小象傳》說：來徐徐，志在下也。下，就是初六基層大眾。雖不當位，有與也。九四陽爻柔位，失位。但與初六有應，是打不斷的關係。為官想著人民，即使在困卦的處境，始終有與也，是理所當然的。不過，這種官僚，要小心，因為爻變為習坎卦，重險也。但習坎，有孚，維心亨，行有尚。困卦第五爻，是執政君位，是權力最大，地位最高的人。但在困局中，也是最痛苦的位置。九五。劓刖，困于赤紱。乃徐有說，利用祭祀。一開始就是劓刖。在困局的領導人，上下交困，搞得民生困苦，無法突破，又要承擔責任，又受千夫所指。劓，割鼻；刖，斬腳。象徵意義，鼻被割，嗅覺不靈敏，判斷形勢不準確。刖，斬去雙腳，象徵缺乏行動力和執行力。即是說，一個領導人，沒有知機應變的能力，又不夠執行力，害到大家受困，便成罪犯了。困于赤紱，最高級的官服。利用祭祀，祭祀享，是三重層次。祭，是祭天神；祀，是祭地祗；享，是祭人鬼。君位，要利用祭祀，天神地祗，都要保佑你。意思是領導人，用最誠意的態度，面對困境，否則，便走投無路了。《小象傳》說：劓刖，未得志也。領導人，在困局中，百口莫辯，未得志也。乃徐有說，以中直也。得中得位，慢慢來，做長期部署。利用祭祀，受福也。希望誠意感動上天啦。困卦最後一爻，上六，困極之爻，象徵執迷不悟者，再不回頭，恐悔之已晚了。上六。困于葛藟，于臲卼。曰動悔有悔，征吉。置身于最困之境，像落在森林藤蔓纏繞的林中，即困局中繞住很多問題，糾纏不清的關係，瓜中有藤，動彈不得。于臲卼，最高的險境。一開始，指出雙重的困。儘管如此，曰動悔，正式對外宣稱，動輒得咎，承認困境，仍可有出路。有悔，必須真誠悔改，征吉，還要盡快改弦易轍，勇敢改動，便吉。困到極點，真心懺悔，付之行動，還是可以吉的。《小象傳》說：困于葛藟，未當也。承認不當，面對現實，不要心存僥倖。動悔有悔，吉行也。一動就有悔，那要徹底改弦易轍，才會吉。爻變為天水訟卦，和自己打官司，挑戰自己，才可變吉。

Question 2

大慈樹王赤王朱成志的華山論劍 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

現在知道為何蔡政府拒絕佛光山捐贈疫苗因爲他們不認為星雲大師是台灣人，a joke!

真愛台灣哭一次吧！
作者：佛光山開山星雲大師

我李國深，民國十六年生於中國江蘇江都縣，12歲時，因為父親在日本發動的南京大屠殺失蹤，尋父不着，就在棲霞山出家。我在出生地揚州住了12年，在南京和鎮江住了12年，在台灣住了66年了，我90歲了。

回想民國38年春天，我率領僧侶救護隊，在太平輪沉船失事後幾天，飄洋過海抵達台灣基隆港。60多年來，我在台灣，承受台灣同胞的照顧，台灣米水的滋養，讓我能夠弘揚佛法，完成我發展佛教的願望。對於寶島台灣，我的感恩是無窮的。

儘管如此，我在台灣住了六十多年，台灣並未承認我是台灣人，反而我周遊世界弘法如美國、澳洲，短暫居住過的城市給了我十多個“榮譽公民”。一直到這幾年，我住過數十年的宜蘭市公所才賞賜給我“榮譽市民”的認可。於此，我也非常感謝了。

時至今日，我仍不禁遺憾，在台灣超過一甲子，甚至馬英九、陳水扁，他們都比我遲到台灣，但他們能做“總統”，我卻連做個台灣人都不能，所以只有自稱“台灣中國人”。

記得1989年，我回到闊別四十年的故鄉探親，家鄉的父老也不認識我了，都説：“這是台灣來的和尚。”我不免慨想我究竟是哪裏人呢？後來我只好説，只要地球不捨棄我，就做個“地球人”吧！

當我跟移居世界各地的華人説“我是地球人”時，馬上得到熱烈的共鳴。或許同樣遠離家鄉，客居異域，都有一段顛沛流離的悲情故事，既知道自己是中國人，但和中國又距離那麼遙遠，在血源、種族上，大家是改不了的中華民族，於是就一致認同我，跟隨我做地球人了。

正如先賢唐朝鑑真大師，在旅居日本十餘年後，自知老邁無法還鄉而説的遺偈：
“山川異域，日月同天，
寄諸佛子，共結來緣。”
我對手足同胞也是一樣，
大家今生有這樣的因緣，
希望來生再結炎黃子孫的緣

66年漫長歲月，我隨着台灣經歷了戰後初期百廢待興的刻苦艱辛；從戒嚴時期，白色恐怖的時代，當然也經歷篳路藍縷的十大建設時期，我為台灣的百花齊放，創造經濟奇蹟，成為亞洲四小龍之首而感到與有榮焉。乃至第一次政黨輪替後，見證了自由民主帶給台灣的美麗與哀愁。你們66歲以下的人，能解我跟台灣成長的心情？

我嘗過白色恐怖的迫害，也曾因不實的密告坐過牢獄，在槍林彈雨、多少次的死活中，僥倖地延長了生命歲月。尤其來台初期，我受過警察不止百次以上的調查，謠言、耳語、省籍問題，以致我投宿無門、衣食無着，可以説，我在台灣也有過一段辛酸的歷程。
所幸，出家人一向有“處處無家處處家”的性格，我曾經數度環島，走過台灣兩、三百個鄉鎮；我跋涉過溪水河川，也曾在農村睡過豬舍牛房；我翻越高山峻嶺，行腳過八仙山、太平山；我也多次在南北台灣的神廟前，或農家的曬穀場上佈教宣講；我領略寶島各地的人文風光、自然景觀。

我曾在半夜上阿里山頂看日出，也曾徒步到日月潭，與原住民好友“毛王爺”談心，還與他讀國民小學的女兒“三公主”合影。對於阿里山、日月潭，我也和現在的大陸人一樣充滿嚮往。
鄭成功管理過的新營、下營、柳營、左營、台南赤崁樓等地方，也曾令我發思古之幽情。我留連在高雄紅毛港、花蓮的海港，我站在野柳女王頭的一旁，望着大海，自豪於中華文化隨着海水流遍十方，可是這片大海，怎麼把我們兩岸同文同種的同胞隔得這麼遙遠？令人不禁感傷。

那數十年，我在北宜、北橫、蘇花、南迴等公路留下腳印；蔣經國先生開拓中橫公路，我在太魯閣燕子口、九曲洞，不止數十次徘徊，欣賞台灣雄偉奇妙的寶地山川，也曾為修築這條公路的數百名殉難工作人員祭悼祝願。我發願將佛法的真善美，散播到寶島的每處角落。經過汗水淋漓、雙腳踩過的每一寸土地，我與它產生了生命的連結，血脈相通，你能説我不愛台灣嗎？

回憶60多年前，在那個威權的時代，佛教在台灣並沒有發展的空間，但我憑藉青少年時期對佛教建立起的虔誠信仰，不斷到各鄉鎮、漁港、農村去佈教，因為化世益人就是我的責任。我們敲鑼打鼓地喊道：“各位台灣的父老兄弟姐妹們，咱們的佛教來啦！咱們的佛教來啦！”

那些聽到我呼聲的民眾，他們也無懼於蔣夫人宋美齡以異教徒身分的權威壓制，都站出來跟我一起共同呼喊！”台灣的父老兄弟，大人、小孩魚貫的拿着小板凳坐下來，專心聽着跟隨青年弘法隊員唱歌、説故事。我們跨越語言、地域的隔閡，信仰裏純淨的善美真心，我們彼此交融，心意相通。　　

那時候，一般人都嫌台灣花不香、鳥不語，《波茨坦宣言》記載，中日戰爭後，台灣歸還中國，是犧牲二千多萬人的生命，以血淚換取的勝利代價。因此，我懷抱一顆中國人的心情熱愛台灣，比起滿清把台灣割讓給日本的無邊罪惡，我更慶幸國民黨光復台灣，讓台灣重回中華民族的懷抱。

每逢台灣發生災難，我都能感同身受。從1951年花蓮大地震、1959年台灣中部八七水災、到1999年的921大地震等等，無懼地震、颱風、水患，我們募集物資前往救災，希望帶給災民一點幫助。我們協助捐建和修復十餘所學校，供給學童午餐。

莫拉克八八風災時，我在南部道場成立災民安置所，為了尊重他們的信仰、心中的價值，請來牧師為這許多原住民證道，並且在佛光山設置基督教會的禮拜堂。之後，也捐建了霧台、桃源、長治鄉等八座圖書館。

對於宗教間，我主張互相尊重、彼此包容。例如，我曾將天下文化等出版公司給我的版税，捐給花蓮基督教門諾醫院、慈濟醫院，也鼓勵信徒一起捐款協助。對於天主教真福山社福園區修道院的興建，我也曾在艱難中五年分期捐獻五百萬，聊表祝賀的心意。為了支持南投阮泰賢神父的發心，我也撥出一百萬，響應他重建天祥教堂。屏東萬鑾聖母院的老修女要返回故國西班牙，聽聞她缺少經費，我親自把機票、路費送到修道院，感謝這許多修女數十年對台灣的服務。

為了感念台灣神道寺廟的友誼，我為媽祖創作了一首《媽祖紀念歌》，並且在佛陀紀念館成立了“中華傳統宗教聯合總會”。每年他們參加朝山聯誼，彼此歡喜交流，都是種種的美好因緣。

我發起百萬人興建大學，感謝前任“教育部長”楊朝祥、成功大學前校長翁政義、文學才子龔鵬程、管理專家陳淼勝、前“教育部”政務次長林聰明都來擔任我們佛光、南華大學的校長。他們不嫌棄我童年失學，幫助我完成對社會教育的心願。

六十多年來，我和我的弟子、信徒們為台灣在世界辦了五所大學、十六所佛教學院，我辦了電視台、報紙、出版社、中小學等，如今想來，台灣佛教能有現在的盛況，我也自覺這六十多年，對台灣人心的淨化和佛教的振興，有了一點馨香的供養。也很感謝海內外各地的佛光人及認同我的朋友們，大家一起為兩岸、為世界和平努力不懈。

佛光山大雄寶殿前面，有二十四棵挺拔的松柏，我把它們都看作是中華文化的二十四孝；我又從大陸運來比樓房還高的鐘乳石、太湖石、晚霞石等，與先前在福建鐫刻的十八羅漢，它們像磐石一般安住在佛光山；尤其，我們突破過去傳統，在十八羅漢中，特地立了三尊佛教史上的女羅漢，表達我一生倡導男女平等的主張。我們建設的佛陀紀念館，希望全世界的人都因它而看見台灣。

我愛台灣，認為我是台灣人，但不能否認，我還有大陸的故居、我的祖先、我的師長前輩，我不能不與他們共依共存。在文化大革命時期，我在江蘇宜興的祖庭大覺寺早就化為草嶺荒山，但到底那是我窮苦歲月時接引我入佛的寶地，也是成長我慧命的地方。感念大陸政府鼓勵我重建祖庭，現在的大覺寺超越過去舊有的建築多倍以上，藉此，也表達對國恩家慶的回報之意。

台灣2300萬人最可貴的資產，就是百姓的慷慨善良，遺憾的是，每到選舉，少部分人強烈的意識形態，讓台灣族羣分裂，社會對立衝突，人民與政府相互抗爭，選民與政黨交相指責。在藍綠的政爭之下，台灣人的温和有禮，可以在一夕之間蕩然無存。

我毫不隱瞞反對“台獨”的想法，因為我生逢亂世，一生歷經北伐、土匪橫行、軍閥割據、中日戰爭以及國共內戰。當時生靈塗炭的苦難，時隔八十年，記憶猶新，因此，對於兩岸之間，我主張和平，因為戰爭的後果將是不堪設想。

我終其一生，推動實踐僧信平等、男女平等、自他、宗教平等的行動。而對於兩岸和平、世界和平，則是我畢生的盼望。我衷心的希望，台灣不要再有人我對立的禍患，不要只有藍綠、沒有對錯是非善惡的觀念。大家不妨想一想，假如沒有了“中華民國”，我們的前途還能夠和平安寧嗎？大陸政府還會這麼優厚的待遇我們嗎？為了台灣的未來，我期盼藍綠的惡鬥、媒體的扭曲報導，都能停止下來。

經常有人説：世界最美的風景是台灣，因為人。最近又有人説：世界最醜陋的地方也是台灣，因為媒體造謠説謊、謾罵批評。為什麼短短數年，台灣從最美麗變成最醜陋了呢？所有居住在台灣的人，我們都應該深思檢討。

許多人説台灣的崩壞，是不負責任的政客、盲目的選民與造謠的媒體所造成，三者惡性循環，扭曲了民主的價值與法制的精神。更令人憂心的，在政治選舉的操弄下去中國化，對於中華文化、國族意識、家族源流的漠視與遺忘，讓許多人背棄自己的傳統，忘失了自己的根源。就像陳之藩先生所説的，成為一株“失根的蘭花”。

這裏我們所説的中國，是五千年中華文化孕育的歷史中國、文化中國、全民中國，是民族血肉相連、不能改變的中華民族。你説，我們能稱作英國人嗎？我們能稱作德國人嗎？我們能稱作日本人嗎？所以，坦誠的告訴大家，我們都是炎黃子孫，這是無法改變的歷史事實。

所謂“木有本，水有源”，台灣人的祖先，哪一個不是中國人呢？除了李登輝先生之外，大家都不能否認自己是中國人。現在，台灣有少數人倡議“台獨”不肯講中國話，主張要講台灣話。請問台灣話是哪裏的話？台灣話不是福建話嗎？福建話不也是中國話嗎？福建也是中國的啊！你能不講中國的福建話嗎？

在全世界，台灣是保存中華文化最完整的地方，也以中華文化的傳統為榮。中華文化重視春節、中秋節、端午節、清明節……，你能説你不要農曆春節過年嗎？中秋月圓，你能説你不要家庭團聚嗎？清明慎終追遠，你能説你不要為祖先追思掃墓嗎？在台灣，我們每一個人，從小到大接受中華文化的滋養，這是我們共同的根源，你否定它，不肯接受中華文化，難道你要做一個宇宙人間無國界、沒有根的遊民嗎？

俗諺説“呷果子拜樹頭，吃米飯惜鋤頭”，曾經我見過一份資料，康熙三十五年（一六九六）編的《地方誌》，記載當時的台灣隸屬揚州管轄。我不禁歡喜，原來六十多年來我沒有離開過揚州。飲水思源，我們每一個人也都應該找出自己的根在哪裏？我的父母親在哪裏出生？我的祖父母來自哪裏？我的曾祖父母又來自何方？我曾親聞習近平主席説 “兩岸一家親”，我們能否認這種同根同源的事實嗎？

最近，原住民立委高金素梅女士呼籲“禮失求諸野”，在我們認為，如果能“禮失求諸佛教”，更是人間美事。因為信仰必定是人類的基本權利，我希望台灣人民能夠重建新的信仰，樹立道德、講究慈悲、安定身心，人人做好事、説好話、存好心，用因果業報等，幫助社會次序更加穩定，祈願人人幸福，家家平安。

我一生愛中國、愛台灣、愛中華文化，我和大家過去的祖先一樣，在怒海餘生中來到台灣，因此，惟願國泰民安，別無他求。寄語台灣那許多本土派的人士，不要過於歧視外省人；居住了六十多年，我不算台灣人嗎？台灣會這麼狹隘嗎？難道大家的祖宗先輩不是渡海來台的中國人嗎？

現在，這一本趙無任的《慈悲思路·兩岸出路》即將出版，我深有同感，假如我們兩岸慈悲，共同以中華文化救台灣，還怕未來沒有出路嗎？藍綠兩黨如果也有慈悲，還怕未來沒有友好的希望嗎？在此心香一瓣，祝願大家平安吉祥。是為序。

Question 3

大慈樹王赤王 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司、稽善司、考過司、恩怨司、壽命司、支配司、掌劫司、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

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