譚新強:戲曲中心演唱《帝女花》之〈庵遇〉後感
文章日期:2021年8月27日
【明報專訊】好少在本欄提及我的私人生活,但今次要破例講一件非常興奮和感恩的事情。本周二,非常榮幸,竟有機會在「普樂藝會」姚志明老師領導下,與一班好同學和星光熠熠的大老倌,一齊在非常漂亮的戲曲中心演唱粵曲!
對粵曲的興趣可說來自隔代遺傳,我從未見過的祖父,在鄉下是專業唱戲的。約10年前,經過大會堂,見到「普樂藝會」的海報,我就去了報名加入。
實在慚愧,雖可說學藝多年,因為懶惰,從未學好工尺譜基本功,只是一直念口簧。後來更因工作太忙而停了近8年,最近半年才臨急抱佛腳,再次操曲狂練。但因資質實在有限,所以進度甚慢,在此實需要感謝姚老師和我邀請的年輕名花旦王潔清小姐(多才多藝,亦是編劇家),和一眾樂師及陪我唱歌的同學們的無限耐性和指導。
今次演出源出自兩年多前,在「普樂藝會」的周年晚宴上,跟姚老師聊到當時剛落成的戲曲中心,我就表示極力鼓勵和支持我們曲社去申請一個演出檔期。出口容易,但辛苦了一班好同學,開始了漫長和艱辛的籌備過程。我需要對廣大香港市民道謝,戲曲中心的建築成本高達27億元,現在我們這些票友,竟可只花10萬元不到,就租到此世界級歌劇院,非常物超所值!戲曲中心的排期當然非常長,也有一定水準要求,但絕對接受業餘團體申請,開放度和使用率,都遠高於香港單車館!
港治疫成功 演出兩延期後終成功舉行
戲曲中心的建造歷史有點坎坷,亦有點爭議性。設計出自溫哥華華人建築師譚秉榮手筆,但不幸在2016年巡視工程時突然中風去世。後來劇院的英文名字「Xiqu Centre」,也曾一度引起激烈社會辯論。戲曲中心更有點生不逢時,2019年初正式啟用,開幕不久即遇上大型社會暴亂,到了2020年更碰上沒完沒了的疫情,大大影響整個演藝界。
我們的演出也幾乎以為告吹,結果兩度延期,超過一年時間,最後能成功舉行已算幸運,實需感謝香港治疫超成功。據了解,上演西方歌劇的紐約林肯中心的室內劇院仍未重開,但從5月起,就在室外搭了10個台舉行演出,有抄襲我們搭棚上演神功戲的嫌疑呢!
粵劇在2009年已被聯合國列為人類非物質文化遺產,更是香港和所有廣東人的文化瑰寶,非常值得保存和發揚光大。我一曲走天涯,今次唱了香港人最熟悉的《帝女花》之〈庵遇〉。《帝女花》當然是任白戲寶中之戲寶,亦是唐滌生先生的四大名劇之一(其他三套為《紫釵記》、《牡丹亭驚夢》及《再世紅梅記》)。《帝女花》原劇本出自清代崑曲劇作家黃燮清,後來由唐滌生改編而成。《帝女花》的故事感人,不止受到中國人歡迎,原來早在清末已傳到日本,且長期有演出此劇(但不知是以何形式,Kabuki還是Noh?)。據說,任劍輝和白雪仙兩位,在一次日本旅行中,偶然碰到此劇演出,從而啟發他們把《帝女花》帶回來,鼓勵唐滌生先生改篇成粵劇。
如此故事是真的(如有讀者認識白雪仙女士,請幫忙印證一下),實在非常傳奇。我認為此故事可信性頗高,因為早期的粵劇其實可算頗國際化,包容性也很強。粵劇的歷史不到200年,對比超過600年歷史的崑劇不算長,最有名的明代崑劇作家湯顯祖,跟沙士比亞是同一時期的人,且同在1616年去世。最初的粵劇演出方言其實並非粵語,而是所謂的古腔官話(又稱中州話),反而較接近北方方言。現代粵劇的改革歷史更短,都是始於1920年代的,主要推手為在香港土生土長,曾就讀聖保羅書院的薛覺先先生(白雪仙的父親白駒榮亦重要)。改革包括引進大量西洋樂器如小提琴、色士風,甚至結他等等,但亦有帶入北方的鑼鼓和北派表演藝術。樂曲方面加入大量豐富旋律的小曲,有些甚至來自西方,演唱方言改為主要粵語,男角從高八度音的子喉改為平喉(感激),亦開始容許女性參與演出,毋須全部女角用男生反串。薛覺先的劇團,也培養了多位著名劇作家,包括南海十三郎和稍後期的唐滌生等。
其實這批早期粵劇改革者都頗西化,不止薛覺先念番書,南海十三郎更曾是港大醫科生,唐滌生原名唐康年,滌生只是他英文名Dickson的譯音名字!唐滌生曾在非常洋化的上海讀書,除編劇,其他興趣包括畫西洋水彩畫和看荷李活電影。他們這批人的創作靈感來自全世界,並無特別國家和文化界限。當年粵劇流行地域非常廣,除粵、港、澳為中心點外,南洋以至北美和歐洲華僑,都以廣東人居多,所以各大老倌經常到全世界演出。李小龍爸爸李海泉為粵劇名伶,正因在1940年去了美國演出和避戰亂,李小龍才會出生於三藩市。
改革粵劇四大建議 助傳承創新
其實粵劇在今天的香港和廣東仍頗流行,我參與了之後才發現有那麼多的志同道合人士。除年紀較長人士外,喜見原來也有不少年輕的專業粵劇表演者和樂師,演藝學院和八和會館更是功不可沒。最近發現有些大老倌,甚至有專門開班教導只幾歲大的小朋友!
任何文化藝術都必須有生命,有傳承和創新,粵劇也當然不例外,需要更多新的好劇作。讓我大膽提出數個繼續改革的建議:
1.傳統曲牌如《秋江月》和《妝台秋思》等固然好聽,但我認為不應不停翻用。我建議每齣劇都必須創造一些新的樂曲。情况如百老匯劇一樣,無論Phantom of the Opera和Cats的歌曲有多好聽,Andrew Llyod Weber是不會翻用這些旋律的。但我的意思並非完全放棄非常優美的中樂pentatonic scale(五聲音階)和較簡單的harmony(和聲),其實我反覺得模仿交響樂團的現代中樂團有點不倫不類。但在中樂的音律基礎上,應該也有大量創作空間。
2.我絕對覺得中國戲曲的藝術性高於傳統西方歌劇,因為包含唱、念、做、打,絕非如西方歌劇般,主要演員只懂行來行去唱歌。所以我認為未來的粵劇應提升舞蹈、做手,以及我的至愛北派的佔比和重要性,給予觀眾更多的視覺享受。當然服裝、化妝、燈光和舞台設計亦非常重要。
3.現代人的生活習慣網上化和碎片化,是無法否認的事實。因此無論傳統粵劇藝術家多麽喜歡四小時長的現場舞台表演,我認為必須縮短表演時間至約兩小時,甚至編寫一些更短的劇目(不一定是折子戲)。近日我發現在疫情期間,八和拍製了一系列介紹粵劇各方面藝術的短視頻,是個非常好的計劃。但我認為連正式粵劇表演也應大量放到網上做推廣,粵劇的整個商業模式都需要重新考慮,從只靠現場門票、票友和政府資助,加上新的網上流量和收費模式。
4.最重要的是,中國包括香港,需要盡快開關,重啟正常的人民、文化藝術、學術、生意和外交旅遊。封關愈久,中國與全世界的隔膜愈加嚴重,加上中國互聯網並非完全開放,本已在惡化的美中關係,在切斷絕大部分實體交往後,情况變得更差,甚至更危險。
內地近月政策 似墮圍城受困心態
除此,一如我數月前的警告,中國切忌因封關而墮進圍城受困心態。近日所見的一些政策,就不幸有此味道。我再次提醒,不可因一棵樹而放棄整個森林,必須鼓勵中國企業(和人民幣),包括互聯網平台企業,盡快衝出國際。說什麼不想超越美國,只想超越自己,聽來有點道理,但其實誤解了中國互聯網企業需要走出國門的真正原因。互聯網就是最強大的新媒體,如中國全面放棄全球競爭,美國互聯網巨頭,更將長期壟斷全球傳媒和大部分人的腦袋,他們對世界的認知都是經過美國傳媒的五稜鏡。美國擁有絕對性的媒體控制,再加上中國無意放開資本帳,提升人民幣地位,所以才能支持美國無道的長期QE和其他不合理貨幣和財政政策。換作沒有超級傳媒控制權的古羅馬帝國,如此誇張的印鈔,可能早已引發金融危機!然後有了無限的印鈔權,才可負擔更誇張和極端的「9 Power Standard」軍事開支!
粵劇界只是整個社會的極小一份子,但亦是一個縮影。明年我們曲社又訂了戲曲中心作三場表演,老師幫我約了全中國最有名的花旦之一蔣文端女士與我合作。我誠惶誠恐,但當然非常興奮,只期望早日通關,明年能夠成功演出!
如能與全世界恢復通關,我甚至夢想我們曲社能遠征歐洲,在維也納黄金音樂廳(Goldener Saal Wiener Musikvereins)演唱中國粵曲!
中環資產投資行政總裁
[譚新強 中環新譚]
同時也有3部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過1,790的網紅李基銘漢聲廣播電台-節目主持人-影音頻道,也在其Youtube影片中提到,本集主題:「人性越界.犯罪心理解剖書:首部監所心理教師視角,逼近犯罪行為的起心動念」介紹 訪問作者:陳建安 內容簡介: 人性若是邪惡,犯罪還需要解釋? 善惡的界線真的有那麼容易跨越嗎? 僅憑外顯行為,就能將人歸類為好人或壞人嗎? 情殺、隨機殺人、分屍、家暴、性侵、 縱火、毒...
「計都羅喉劍」的推薦目錄:
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 許榮哲 × 小說課 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 李基銘漢聲廣播電台-節目主持人-影音頻道 Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 賢賢的奇異世界 Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 PILI 霹靂布袋戲 Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 計都羅睺劍・暗劍殺戰鬥動畫介紹② 的評價
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 PS2 SRW OG 計都羅候劍暗劍殺 的評價
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 隱藏關卡全新力量!計都羅睺劍暗劍殺VS 黑洞加農砲『超級 ... 的評價
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 [轉錄][知識] 「計都」、「羅睺」、「暗劍殺」 - 超級機器人大戰 的評價
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 「鋼之超感謝祭」熱血落幕系列新作《超級機器人大戰V》發表 ... 的評價
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 古倫加斯特招式集新增計都羅睺劍・暗劍殺YouTube>スーパー ... 的評價
- 關於計都羅喉劍 在 古倫加斯特招式集新增計都羅睺劍・暗劍殺YouTube>スーパー ... 的評價
計都羅喉劍 在 許榮哲 × 小說課 Facebook 的最讚貼文
【散文的想像與虛構】
之前有個說法,大概是說散文和小說的區別,在於散文是真實的,小說是虛構的。
這次分享的這篇文章,討論的也是散文,作者王充閭提到「生活的真實是基礎,藝術的真實是手段」的看法,甚至舉了《史記》《左傳》中的例子來說明散文寫作時的創作技巧。
一起來看看他的說法吧。
-
散文的想像與虛構 / 王充閭
一
如何處理好歷史真實與藝術真實的關係,這是歷史文化散文寫作中經常碰到的一個問題。散文必須真實,這是散文的本質性特徵,一向被我們奉為金科玉律;而散文是藝術,惟其是藝術,作者構思時必然要借助於栩栩如生的形象和張開想像的翅膀;必然進行素材的典型化處理,作必要的藝術加工。兩者似乎存在著矛盾。尤其是,歷史是一次性的,它是所有一切存在中獨一以「當下不再」為條件的存在。當歷史成其為歷史,它作為「曾在」,即意味著不復存在,包括特定的環境、當事人及歷史情事在整體上已經永遠消逝了。在這種情況下,「不在場」的後人要想恢復原態,只能根據事件發展規律和人物性格邏輯,想像出某些能夠突出人物形象的細節,進行必要的心理刻畫以及環境、氣氛的渲染。因此,海德格爾說,歷史的真意應是對「曾在的本真可能性」的重演。史學家選擇、整理史料,其實就是一種文本化,其間必然存在著主觀性的深度介入。古今中外,不存在沒有經過處理的史料。這裡也包括閱讀,由於文本是開放的,人們每一次閱讀它,都是重新加以理解。
很難設想文學作品沒有細節描寫,因為它最能反映人物的情感與個性。《史記》中寫漢初名相「萬石君」石奮一門恭謹,就採用了大量細節。石奮的長子石建謹小慎微,有一次書寫奏章,皇帝已經批回來了,可是,他還要反復檢視,終於發現「馬」字有誤:這個字四點為四足,加上下曲的一筆馬尾,應當是五筆,現在少寫了一筆。他驚慌失措,唯恐皇帝發現了怪罪下來。石奮的少子石慶,一次駕車出行,皇帝在車上問有幾匹馬拉車,他原本很清楚,但還是用馬鞭子一一數過,然後舉起手說:「六匹。」小心翼翼,躍然紙上。太史公通過這些細節,寫出了當時官場中那種終日戰戰兢兢、恭謹自保的政治風氣。
明代思想家李贄講到藝術創造時,說一個是「畫」,另一個是「化」。畫,就是要有形象;而化,就是要把客觀的、物質的東西化作心靈的東西,並設法把這種「心象」化為詩性的文字,化蛹成蝶,振翅飛翔。這就觸及到散文寫作中想像與虛構這一頗富爭議的話題。近年來,隨著新生代作者的闖入,小說家、學者的加盟,以及跨文體寫作的出現,散文創作出現了許多新的情況;特別是作家的主體意識在不斷增強,已不滿足于傳統散文單一的敘述方式,而是大膽引進西方的多種表現手法,吸收其他文學門類的寫作特點,輔之以象徵、隱喻、虛擬、通感、意象組合等藝術手法,意識流動,虛實相間,時空切換,場景重疊,使散文向現代性、開放性拓展。
事實上,早在「散文的想像與虛構」成為問題之前,有些作家已經在悄悄地進行著大膽嘗試了。出現於上個世紀五十年代的散文家何為的《第二次考試》,是一篇優秀的散文作品,曾經被選入中學語文課本。可是,許多人都知道,它卻是經過想像與虛構,對真人實事進行大膽加工的產物。1956年上海合唱團招考新團員,一名女青年報考,由於考試前夕她在楊樹浦參加一場救火,弄倒了嗓子,以致影響了考試成績,但合唱團還是破格錄取了她。何為當時正在醫院休養,聽家人講述了這件事,便在事實的基礎上進行了藝術加工:設計出第二次考試的情節,加進了蘇林教授這個關鍵性人物,改換了女主人公的名字;文中陳伊玲身著「嫩綠色的絨線上衣,一條貼身的咖啡色西褲,宛如春天早晨一株亭亭玉立的小樹」,實際也並非如此,是作者為了加強形象的感染效果,從所住醫院一位實習醫生那裡移植過來的。
這個典型事例說明了,生活的真實是基礎,藝術的真實是手段。前提是散文是藝術,而且是一種側重於心靈表達的藝術。黑格爾指出:「藝術作品既然是由心靈產生出來的,它就需要一種主體的創造活動,它就是這種創造活動的產品;作為這種產品,它是為旁人的,為聽眾的觀照和感受的。這種創造活動就是藝術家的想像。」「在這種使理性內容和現實形象互相滲透融會的過程中,藝術家一方面要求助於覺醒的理解力,另一方面還要求助於深厚的心胸和灌注生氣的感情。」
二
今年三月中旬,我率領大陸作家代表團訪問臺灣,到日月潭觀光,接待我們的是南投縣文化局長,他是一位文學博士。在同我們交談時,他直率地說,總覺得作家們想像力不足,有時過於拘謹。他說,有一次訪問日本,見到了楊貴妃的墓,便問有關人士「根據何在」。答覆是:「你們中國古代的白居易寫得很清楚嘛!」博士反詰:「楊貴妃不是死在馬嵬坡嗎?《長恨歌》裡分明講:『六軍不發無奈何,宛轉娥眉馬前死』。」答覆是:「《長恨歌》裡還講:『忽聞海上有仙山,山在虛無縹緲間。樓閣玲瓏五雲起,其中綽約多仙子。中有一人字太真,雪膚花貌參差是』。海上仙山在哪裡?就是日本嘛!」博士說:「這種顛倒迷離的仙境,原都出自當事人與詩人的想像。」答覆是:「什麼不是想像?『君王掩面』,死的是丫環還是貴妃,誰也沒有看清楚;所以才說『馬嵬坡下泥土中,不見玉顏空死處』。」就這樣,生生造出一個「貴妃墓」來,結果還振振有辭!
歷史散文創作講求真實,關於史事的來龍去脈、真實場景,包括歷史人物的音容笑貌、舉止行為,都應該據實描繪,不可臆造;可是,實際上卻難以做到。國外「新歷史主義」的「文學與歷史已不存在不可逾越的鴻溝」,「歷史脫離不了文本性,歷史文本乃是文學仿製品」,「歷史還原,真相本身也是一種虛擬」的論點,我們且不去說;這裡只就史書之撰作實踐而言。錢鐘書先生在《管錐編》中有過一段著名的論述:「《左傳》記言而實乃擬言、代言」,「如後世小說、劇本中之對話、獨白也。左氏設身處地,依傍性格身分,假之喉舌,想當然耳」。「上古既無錄音之具,又乏速記之方,駟不及舌,而何口角親切,如聆罄咳歟?或為密勿之談,或乃心口相語,屬垣燭隱,何所據依?」原來,「史家追敘真人實事,每須遙體人情,懸想事勢,設身局中,潛心腔內,忖之度之,以揣以摩,庶幾入情合理。蓋與小說、院本之臆造人物,虛構境地,不盡同而可相通;記言特其一端」。其實,早在先秦時期,孟軻讀過上古時的典章文獻彙編《尚書》中關於「周武王伐紂,血流漂杵」的記載,就曾提出過疑問,從而說了一句分量很重的話:「盡信書,不如無書。」到了宋代,當學生問到「《左傳》可信否」時,著名理學家程頤的回答是:「不可全信,信其可信者耳。」
我們再來看被奉為信史和古代散文典範的《史記》。司馬遷在《項羽本紀》中詳細記錄了鴻門宴的座次,說是項羽和他的叔叔項伯坐在西面,劉邦坐在南面,張良坐在東面,範增坐在北面。為什麼要作這樣的交代?因為有范增向項羽遞眼色、舉玉玦,示意要殺掉劉邦的情節,他們應該靠得很近;還有「項莊舞劍,意在沛公」,而項伯用自己的身體掩蔽劉邦,如果他們離得很遠,就無法辦到了。司馬遷寫作《項羽本紀》大約在西元前94、95年前後,而鴻門宴發生在西元前206年,相距一百一十多年,當時既沒有錄相設備,而戰爭年代也不大可能有關於會談紀要之類的實錄,即使有,也不會記載座次。那麼,他何所據而寫呢?顯然靠的是想像。
三
中國文學史上還有一個典型事例。《古文觀止》中有一篇《象祠記》,作者為明代著名思想家王陽明。當時,貴州靈博山有一座年代久遠的象祠,是祀奉古代聖賢舜帝的弟弟象侯的。當地彝民、苗民世世代代都非常虔誠地祀奉著。這次應民眾的請求,宣慰使重修了象祠,並請流放到這裡的王陽明寫一篇祠記。對於這位文學大家來說,寫一篇祠記,確是立馬可就;可是,他卻大費躊躇了。原來,據《史記》記載,象為人狂傲驕縱,有惡行種種,他老是想謀害哥哥舜,舜卻始終以善意相待。現在,要為象來寫祠記,實在難以落筆:歌頌他吧,等於揚惡抑善,會產生負面效應;若是一口回絕,或者據史直書,又不利於民族團結。反復思考之後,他找到了解決辦法:判斷象的一生分前後兩個階段,前段是個惡人,而後段由於哥哥舜的教誨、感化,使其在封地成為澤被生民的賢者,因此死後,當地民眾緬懷遺澤,建祠供奉。《象祠記》就是這樣寫成的。其中顯然有想像成分,但又不是憑空虛構。因為《史記·五帝本紀》中,有舜「愛弟彌謹」,「封帝象為諸侯」的記載。據此,作者加以想像、推理,既生面別開,又入情入理。用心可謂良苦。
這在西方也早有先例。古希臘史家修昔底德《伯羅奔尼薩斯戰爭史》中,演說辭佔有四分之一篇幅。修氏自己承認:「我親自聽到的演說辭中的確實詞句,我很難記得了,從各種來源告訴我的人,也覺得有同樣的困難,所以我的方法是這樣的:一方面儘量保持接近實際所講的話的大意,同時使演說者說出我認為每個場合所要求他們說出的話語來。」
顧頡剛在《古史辨》中說:「我以為一種故事的真相究竟如何,當世的人也未必能知道真確,何況我們這些晚輩。」這話不假。我們都看過《羅生門》這部影片,對於事件的真相,在場親歷者言人人殊。所以,有人說,「史,就是人們口上的一撇一捺。」看來,堅持歷史事件包括細節的絕對真實,「非不為也,實不能也」。
當然,這種想像必須是有限制的,要在尊重客觀真實和散文文體特徵的基礎上,對真人真事或基本事件進行經驗性的整合和合理的藝術加工,必須避免小說化的「無限虛構」或「自由虛構」;特別是有些散文種類是不能虛構的,比如,關於現實中的親人、友人、名人的傳記以及回憶性、紀念性文章,都是寫作者同時代的親歷親見親聞的事,與事涉遠古或萬里懸隔迥然不同,必須一就是一、二就是二,絕不應隨意地想像、虛構。須知,這類散文美學效果的實現,是借助於其內容或主體的豐富而特殊的客觀意蘊,真實與否,影響是至大的。
計都羅喉劍 在 Facebook 的最佳解答
「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版,由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計,內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等,感恩十方大德助印,希望疫情退散,平安喜樂,後記如下:
野放台灣五十餘年,貪狼獨坐,三方四正殺破狼格局,少年多舛,白手起家,隨展覽雲遊四海,如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返,遂設幻影堂自詡堂主,一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」,常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純,彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘,了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝,雖非仙人,亦無道骨,初聞離垢地生清淨心,但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠,待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》,心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到,意識死神隨伺在側,人生苦短,如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解,蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜,聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃,甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎,禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘,台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜(佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教&大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教&天德教、慈惠堂&勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……)、神棍橫行(依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫),因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜,但地獄造景稀少,後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人,各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味,意境乖張溢於言表,造型扭曲非常人所能塑也,然匠心獨運、自成一格,專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美,絲毫不輸喬托(Giotto di Bondone,1267~1337)乃至米開朗基羅(Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564)矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱,雖主祀四面佛,儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊,可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像,安太歲自不在話下,甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深,1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍,行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關,只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地,十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台,粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格,尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂,該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯(包青天),陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解,求破懸案者眾,逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸,全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中,四周環繞墓地,適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮(1971)地府則是首座電動地府,規模精小但驚嚇度破表,略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍,出自已故台南大道長金登富之作,而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外,乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面,尊尊栩栩如生,續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道,造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」(阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像)旁設靜態十殿閻羅(1970年代初),雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存,續往上行可抵「證菩提道-釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區,一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時,琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心,世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路,但因緣果報無法逆轉,昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加,還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺,遂以缽盛救度五百族人,最終卻化為血水,佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力,因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐,目犍連遂展神通救渡,但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火,佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日,於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾,因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌,既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗,不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂(1979年興建,1983年開放),燈光絢爛、聲響駭人,獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」,至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形,睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪,觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生(胎、卵、濕、化)回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」,轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」,窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」,直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿,皆為極犯,另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」(查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司)後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事,依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺(紫河車)」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載,人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」,經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫,犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄(阿鼻地獄)」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主,統轄十殿閻羅,逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣(阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄)雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界,犯十惡業(殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴)者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」(欲界、色界、無色界)二十八天?凡人無此意識,別說能破「十二因緣」(無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死)還滅門,更別想斷除「四聖諦」(苦、集、滅、道)集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑(五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑),了悟「五蘊」(色、受、想、行、識)本空、「十二入」(眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法)空、「十八界」空,破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執,生十一處「善心所」(信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害),降二十六處「惡心所」(貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知),須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎?若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪,地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土?若能證空性何處現地獄?
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間,老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心,然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所,惡性所及實無可根除,礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層,乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷,暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄,心多妄念,妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間,會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉,我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄,三魂七魄尚不足以出竅,驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧,豈不謬哉?
病毒肆虐年半有餘,全球確診者逼近一億八千萬,枉死者近四百萬,堪比戰爭規模,望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空,唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節
Postscript
I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.
In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).
Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.
Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.
Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.
The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.
June 2021,
Yao Jui-chung
計都羅喉劍 在 李基銘漢聲廣播電台-節目主持人-影音頻道 Youtube 的最佳貼文
本集主題:「人性越界.犯罪心理解剖書:首部監所心理教師視角,逼近犯罪行為的起心動念」介紹
訪問作者:陳建安
內容簡介:
人性若是邪惡,犯罪還需要解釋?
善惡的界線真的有那麼容易跨越嗎?
僅憑外顯行為,就能將人歸類為好人或壞人嗎?
情殺、隨機殺人、分屍、家暴、性侵、
縱火、毒癮、黑吃黑、酒駕、神棍……
是衝動、僥倖心態、精神失常,還是理性預謀?
走進時間收集器──監獄,一窺被禁錮的慾望和眼睛
本書深入解讀臺灣近年來重大刑案,包含隨機殺人、殺童、恐怖情人、性侵、縱火、青少年毒品成癮等社會問題,深入剖析其心理痕跡,揭開犯罪者的精神狀況、異常人格、成長背景以及犯罪促發動機與監禁心理歷程。
本書不是以刀光劍影、血腥殺戮的犯罪情節,來滿足我們對違法者的變態圖像,而是作者富有獨特而細膩的社會心理對話,以及逼近圍牆內受刑人生命的日常流淌。
✦你想知道捷運無差別殺人犯──鄭捷的犯罪動機嗎?
✦所謂的正常人和犯罪者之間,距離沒你想的遠,而且存在更多共通點?
✦惡魔真的存在?道德感低落的人就會犯罪?犯罪也會有功能嗎?
✦入監也是要花錢的?被關也算是一種「孝順」?監所的會客室都能看到什麼樣的故事?
✦身為另一種狀態存在的人,死囚會想家嗎?死囚症候群是什麼?
我們常常會驚訝於一個好人,怎麼會做出壞人的事。
臺灣近年發生的重大矚目刑案,從北捷案、北投文化國小割喉案、小燈泡事件、臺大宅王情殺案、多起家暴弒親案與殺妻兒案、分屍案,以及因債務糾紛潛入女友家中勒斃母女二人案等震驚社會案件,這類犯案者一反過往,多為單純、沒前科者,有些還是一路表現優秀的年輕人所為。
作者簡介:陳建安
大三開始便出入監所至今二十年以上,本身生命經驗就是非典型。接觸過少年、成年到死刑犯,一直覺得跟監獄受刑人談話,比起跟學生聊還容易的大學老師。
學歷:
英國羅浮堡大學 (Loughborough University)社會科學系心理學博士
國立中正大學犯罪防治研究所法學碩士
現任職於:
玄奘大學應用心理學系助理教授
臺灣諮商心理學會監事
法務部矯正署宜蘭監獄毒品防制計畫督導
經歷:
玄奘大學應用心理學系系主任
法務部矯正署台北看守所戒毒班團體輔導授課教師
法務部矯正署台北看守所極刑犯個輔老師
專長與研究興趣:
犯罪心理學
矯正心理學
犯罪學
社會心理學
作者粉絲頁: 看啥 犯罪心理解剖室 Chen's crimpsych chamber
出版社: 和平國際
請大家支持,我全部六個粉絲頁
李基銘主持人粉絲頁:https://www.facebook.com/voh.lee
李基銘新聞報粉絲頁:https://www.facebook.com/voh.twnews
李基銘的影音頻道粉絲頁:https://www.facebook.com/voh.video
漢聲廣播電台「fb新鮮事」節目粉絲頁:https://www.facebook.com/voh.vhbn
漢聲廣播電台「快樂玩童軍」節目粉絲頁:https://www.facebook.com/voh.scout
漢聲廣播電台「生活有意思」節目粉絲頁:https://www.facebook.com/voh.life
計都羅喉劍 在 賢賢的奇異世界 Youtube 的最佳貼文
#傳說中的植物 #傳說植物 #HenHenTV奇異世界
各位大家好,歡迎來到HenHenTV的奇異世界,我是Tommy.
我們在不少的武俠小說或是玄幻小說裡面都有聽過一些植物的名字,例如說在神鵰俠侶裡面的情花和斷腸草,或者是在一些玄幻小說裡面的彼岸花,那究竟世界上有沒有這些植物呢?今天我們就來看十個傳說中的植物,而事實上是存在在這世界的。
好!我們開始吧!
1. 天山雪蓮
在金庸的書劍恩仇錄裡面的陳家洛為了救香香公主咯絲麗,攀爬懸崖峭壁就是為了拿到天山雪蓮,而另外一本武俠小說雲海玉弓緣裡面也有說到:用天山雪蓮所煉製的解毒靈丹,不但可以解毒,而且還可以給人增強功力,天山雪蓮真實的名字為雪荷花,傳說它是瑤池王母在天池沐浴時,由仙女們灑下的,所以高山游牧民族視這為吉祥的徵兆,就連只是喝下雪蓮花瓣的水滴也可以避邪益壽。這是新疆特有的珍貴草藥,生長於天山山脈,就是大概海拔4000米左右的懸崖峭壁上,那裡常年積雪,非常寒冷和空氣稀薄的環境下,應該沒有任何的植物可以生長在那裡,但天山雪蓮這種獨特頑強的生命力,讓它可以生長在冰鋒中,或是峭壁上。而且大部分的天山雪蓮是野生的,而且現在已經被列為二級的保護植物。
2. 斷腸草和情花
在神鵰俠侶裡面,有講到的斷腸草和情花。先說情花,情花雖然是在金庸小說裡面虛構的植物,但是裡面是這樣形容的:見樹枝長滿小刺,花瓣卻是嬌豔無比,似芙蓉而更香,如山茶而增艷。果子或青或紅,還生著茸茸細毛,好像毛蟲一樣。如果說毒性來講,白色曼陀羅的卻是有點像,它是一種中藥,全株都有毒,蒙古人用它來製作迷魂藥,聽說中了曼陀羅毒過後就不會出汗,所以迷魂藥也叫蒙汗藥。但是並沒有像小說裡面,一想到情人就會痛。曼陀羅也可以用來製作鎮定劑,也可以幫助睡眠。而斷腸草是真的有這種植物的,中藥名字叫鉤吻,也叫胡蔓藤和山砒霜(shuang)有可而見它的毒性可不是一般,聽說神農氏也是誤食斷腸草而死。誤食斷腸草的人,腸子會變黑,並且腹痛不止而死。但是這些毒性很強的中藥需要經過另外的提煉方可以當藥物試用,是可以鎮痛抗炎的作用。
3. 忘憂草
忘憂草又名為萱草,或叫做金針和黃花菜,在詩經。衛風。伯兮裡面有講到:焉得諼草,言樹之背,朱熹注曰:諼草,令人忘憂,背,北堂也。這裡的諼草指的就是萱草,而諼這個字也有忘卻的意思,北堂是指母親居住的地方,後來代表母親,在古代當遊子需要出遠門時,會在家裡種諼草,希望可以讓母親減輕對兒女的思念,忘記憂愁,這就是忘憂草的由來。它過後也成了中國的母親花,而它的花語就是:永遠愛你,母親。
4. 彼岸花
傳說中是開在冥界道路兩旁的陰間花朵,雪白色和血紅色代表著死亡,但是事實上真的是有這一種花,它的名字叫曼珠沙華 (Manjusaka),在法華經裡面的天雨四種之華,曼珠沙華就是其中一種,在中國這種花稱之為無義草,彼岸花在日本是對於金燈的譯名,而剛好日本人掃墓的時間是在春彼岸,就是春節的前三天,還有秋天的前三天,也就是秋彼岸,這種花剛好開滿在這個時節,在墳墓地的兩旁盛開,所以在日本也稱之為死人花,或叫黃泉之花,是去到陰間前唯一的風景。韓國和日本對於這種花也視之為死亡之花。
5. 九死還魂草
在武俠小說裡面也出現過幾次的可以讓主角起死回生,現實中是真的有這種植物,但是它的名字叫還魂草並不是因為他可以救人或可以還魂的功效,而是它本身是非常長壽的植物,並且可以忍受長期乾枯之下還可以活命的植物,有個日本的植物家用這個還魂草做成標本,但是11年放進水里,它竟然奇蹟‘還魂’了,而這種植物並不是稀奇的植物,它叫做卷柏,在海拔2000米的懸崖上可以找到,它可以止血,而且聽說還可以美容。
6. 曇花
大家也有聽過一句成語叫曇花一現,意思是美好的事物只出現一下子就消失了。傳說中曇花是一個花神,它每天都開花,四季都燦爛,但是他卻愛上了為他除草的小伙子,後來就被玉帝知道了過後,把它貶為一年只可以看一瞬間的花,不讓他再和他喜歡的人見面,還把那個小伙子送去出家,賜法號為韋陀,多年過去了,韋陀忘記了花神,但是花神還是無法忘記他,它知道每逢暮春時分,他一定會下山採集朝露為佛祖煎茶,花神就累計了一年之力,就在那時開花,希望韋陀可以轉身看她一眼,希望他能記得她。。有點悲慘這個故事。
7. 菩提樹
傳說中佛祖釋迦牟尼就是在菩提樹成道的,在梵文裡面Bodhi就是覺悟的意思,這種樹本身是桑科榕屬植物,生長在印度,斯里蘭卡和緬甸地區,它的樹汁可以做硬性橡膠,菩提花可以做藥,可以解熱。
8. 見血封喉
聽名字就知道厲害了,這個樹又叫做箭毒木,是世界上最毒的植物,只有它的樹汁進入你的血液裡面,血液會凝固並且血管阻塞,會讓你心跳加速後停止跳動,當地的獵人用這種樹汁沾在箭頭上,射中的動物跑不到七步就會倒下,除了他的乳汁有毒之外,它的果實也是有毒的。看到這種樹木記得遠離它。
9. 玉樹
整天聽人家講玉樹臨風,那麼究竟玉樹是長怎樣的,可以用來形容風流倜儻的男士啊?玉樹,屬於多肉植物的一種,它的樹葉肥厚,蠻有古樹的風韻,而這句話是源自於杜甫的飲中八仙歌的其中一句:
宗之瀟灑美少年,舉觴白眼望青天,皎如玉樹臨風前。
玉樹看起來比較像是盆栽,如果人講你是玉樹臨風,很可能他說了:一綠木。。。
杜甫只是喝大左~
10. 食羊草
在西歐的傳說裡面有一種樹叫,植物羊,在中古世紀的文獻裡面有描述過這種植物羊,它是活生生的羊肚臍連接植物的根部,並且會去吃身邊的其他植物。現實中的確有一種植物好像這種生物,但是卻是會‘吃’羊的,在智利有一種樹木叫普亞菠蘿,名字聽起來沒有什麼,但卻是非常危險的植物,它身上會散發出羊喜歡的氣味,當羊接近它時,就會被它身上的刺鉤著,無論怎樣掙扎都無法脫離,最後就會餓死在植物旁邊,而植物就會吸收它屍體的養分。除了它會吃羊之外,它會流出一些易燃的植物油,而它生長的地方剛好是炎熱乾燥的地區,很容易就會引起火災。
世界的植物大概有40多萬種,而每一種好多不同的分類,植物可以吸入二氧化氮,吐出我們所需的氧氣,亞馬遜雨林是全球最大的森林,佔地大概5百萬km2,佔世界雨林的一半,它橫跨了8個國家,包括巴西,玻利維亞,哥倫比亞等等,在最近的幾年裡面,非法伐木在這10年裡面【破壞力接近17%的雨林,加上最近的森林大火,更是嚴重的破壞有地球綠肺稱號的亞馬遜雨林。
大家真的需要醒覺,好好保護我們僅有的森林,我們的地球。
好啦!今天的影片就到這裡,最近Youtube對於我們的創作非常嚴厲,動不動就給黃標,黃標就是沒有廣告,等於就是沒有收益咯,所以在之前寫好的稿或是一些想做的題材,都會因為這樣而止步,但我相信還有很多題材是可以做的,那會中黃標的題材有色情,爭議性的案件事物,恐怖等等,但是我很多影片裡面都沒有這些元素,都會中黃標,過後申請上訴後就變回可以有廣告,只是之前的開頭收益就沒有咯~~
不止是我而已,很多大咖也是中,有些甚至是頻道被停了或是盈利被取消等等。
對於我來說,我的頻道算是健康,而且兒童可以看得,又有教育性吧!
如果大家有什麼題材想我做,歡迎大家留言給我,記得盡量符合Youtube的準則就行了。
好!我們下個奇異世界見!Bye Bye
計都羅喉劍 在 PILI 霹靂布袋戲 Youtube 的最佳貼文
仗劍為知己,拔刀救紅顏,天刀笑劍鈍對上羅喉,刀一動,勢若狂龍,橫起滿天沙暴。羅喉讚嘆之餘,袖袍揚起。天刀見狀,絕妙的身影鎖定變招的傾刻,刀光一閃,火星四射!釋放的力量毫無保留,雙刀交會,撼天動地。長刀橫劈,短刀疾掃,狂霸的氣燄,深沈凝重!只見羅喉高舉計都刀,巨大氣芒貫穿了天際,乾坤為之震盪,寰宇為之昂揚!
計都羅喉劍 在 PS2 SRW OG 計都羅候劍暗劍殺 的推薦與評價
PS2 SRW OG 計都羅候劍暗劍殺 ... 霹靂好戲再安可:羅喉VS問天敵(刀龍傳說第33集) ... 霹靂九皇座41 佛劍分說第一次使用萬諦一滅. ... <看更多>
計都羅喉劍 在 隱藏關卡全新力量!計都羅睺劍暗劍殺VS 黑洞加農砲『超級 ... 的推薦與評價
隱藏關卡全新力量!計都羅睺劍暗劍殺VS 黑洞加農砲『超級機器人大戰V』PS4 -台灣繁體中文版-EP30. 968 views · 4 years ago ...more ... ... <看更多>
計都羅喉劍 在 計都羅睺劍・暗劍殺戰鬥動畫介紹② 的推薦與評價
計都 羅睺劍・暗劍殺戰鬥動畫介紹②】 於4月30日開始的『4進階轉蛋-天上災星、地上獨角獸-』中, 『古倫加斯特』(伊倫加特・風原)的『【SSR】計都 ... ... <看更多>