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關於open data weather 在 Sources of weather data 的評價
關於open data weather 在 MSC Open Data / Données ouvertes du SMC - GitHub Pages 的評價
關於open data weather 在 WeatherBench: A benchmark dataset for data-driven weather ... 的評價
關於open data weather 在 How to get the historical weather for any city with BigQuery? 的評價

open data weather 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文

2021-06-27 15:50:56 有 534 人按讚

全球氣象的資料共享推動
世界氣象組織過去兩周剛完成兩年一次的大會，獲得193個國家通過一項很有前瞻的政策，就是地球資料的國際交換的統一政策。
台灣從 1972年退出聯合國後，就不是世界氣象組織 WMO 的會員國，未來當全球加速交換推動新政策時，我們有必要密切注意發展，尤其氣象是全球開放資料(OPEN DATA)的代表，要把核心資料開放，這是很重要的里程碑，勢必對原有的資料保護及門檻限制有挑戰。
這裡面有兩項重要內容:
1. WMO 會員應在免費和不受限制的基礎上提供核心資料(core data)，這些資料是提供服務以支持生命和財產保護，以及所有國家人民福祉所必需的，並且需要無縫和準確地進行監測和預測天氣、氣候、水和相關的環境條件。
2. 會員還應提供支持全球、區域和國家的地球系統監測和預測活動，並進一步協助其他會員在其所在地提供天氣、氣候、水和相關環境服務所需的資料。
這些不見得只有氣象，包括
1. Weather 天氣
2. Climate 氣候
3. Hydrology 水文
4. Atmospheric Composition 大氣組成
5. Cryosphere 冰凍圈
6. Oceans 海洋
7. Space Weather 太空天氣

核心資料和目前開放的資料有很深層次的不同，政府與民間在氣象事業的發展分工是越來越明確了，政府有自己的職能及立場，希望台灣能看清楚這趨勢。

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open data weather 在國家衛生研究院-論壇 Facebook 的最佳解答

By 國家衛生研究院-論壇

2021-06-02 07:30:00 有 36 人按讚

【全球醫師呼籲：請重視氣候變遷與人類健康的密切關係】
去年（2020）台灣面臨56年來首度沒有颱風登陸的一年，今年（2021）台中、苗栗地區也面因為缺水，各地面臨停水，氣候變遷、極端氣候的問題，又再度引起討論[1]。
　　
氣候變遷會對人體健康造成許多方面的影響，比如高溫引起的熱壓力[2]與高溫事件，可能使心臟、血液循環系統和呼吸道相關疾病惡化，提升這些疾病的致死率。另一方面，高溫有利接近地面的臭氧形成，而這些臭氧對人體健康有不良影響，例如可能導致肺功能下降。
　　
水災或暴風雨等極端氣候現象更頻繁出現時，也會對人體健康帶來更多隱憂，比如人可能因此受傷，嚴重時甚至導致死亡等。此外，原本已經受到汙染的水域，可能因為強降雨和水災而提升傳染病爆發的風險。
　　
在德國，氣候變遷帶來的另一個影響就是花粉季時間延長，使氣喘或過敏性鼻炎等呼吸道疾病的症狀更加惡化。而且這樣的氣候條件更有利引起過敏植物的生長與繁衍，如豬草（Ambrosia）就是一個很好的例子[3]。
　　
■氣候變遷，顯然不只是極地的人需要面對
談氣候變遷最大的困難，就是很難讓人感同身受，居住在台灣的民眾，或許很難感覺到海平面上升，極端氣候也只有缺水、下冰雹的時候才會重新被提起。
　　
詩人顏嘉琪創作的詩作〈極地〉，字字句句都提醒了我們，氣候變遷的影響，不只是變熱，跟著詩句將畫面拉到遙遠的極區，以一般人多多少少都在新聞照片看過的冰層融化、極地生物困境，作為整首詩的主題；詩名雖然叫極地，但詩中描述的事件，卻是所有人都需要面對的困境。
　　
■〈極地〉
一切早有了變化
冰在水裡延遲著
季節的鋒芒
有些更敏感的沼澤
被鹿群溫暖的腳趾
穿成雪靴
　　
溪流嚮往的
不再是湖泊
湖床抬起許多
未曾捕獲的魚骨
滿天鹽層像灼熱的星
裂開了
冰的背脊
　　
凍土層還給水
遷徙的自由
記憶沿著鹿角
岔出新的死亡
醒來是島
屍體在夢裡著火
　　
土壤裡孕育的病菌
解散了十萬頭馴鹿
和守候雪崩的西伯利亞牧人
狗兒趴上牠最愛的雪橇
他們埋的很淺
世界是一頂帳棚
掛在門邊[1]
　　
■什麼是氣候變遷？
牛津辭典2019年選出的年度關鍵字，由「氣候緊急」（Climate Emergency）拔得頭籌，成為使用度最高的字辭，不僅顯示大眾對氣候變遷的意識提升，更代表氣候危機正在全球發生。究竟氣候變遷是什麼？它是怎麼造成的？對你我生活又帶來哪些影響？
　　
「氣候變遷」（Climate Change）是都市傳說嗎？也許大部分的人都聽過，卻不見得知道它正在發生。這個在聯合國會議的決策中時常被提起的關鍵字，我們真的知道它是什麼意思嗎？[4]
　　
▶氣候變遷是指氣候平均狀態的顯著改變或持續較長一段時間（典型的為10年或更長）的氣候改變。氣候變遷的原因可能是地球的自然過程、外部力量，或者人為對大氣組成和土地利用的持續性改變。
　　
■「聯合國氣候變化綱要公約（UNFCCC）」中「氣候變遷」的定義
「氣候變遷」指「在一段可比較的時距內，所觀測的自然氣候變化以外的氣候特徵，且直接或間接歸因於人類活動所導致的大氣成分改變，而引起之氣候變化」。
　　
▶在此所指氣候變遷專指受人類活動影響的部分，與受自然因素影響的氣候變遷作出了明確的區分[5]。
　　
許多人對於氣候變遷的認識，是從2006年上映的紀錄片「不願面對的真相」（An Inconvenient Truth），得知全球暖化（Global Warming）現象，指的是大氣和海洋中的溫室氣體過量（包括二氧化碳、甲烷、水蒸氣、氧化亞氮），使地球猶如被籠罩在厚厚的溫室中，太陽照射的熱量難以散去，導致溫度升高，引發各種極端天氣如乾旱、暴雨、熱浪等[4]。
　　
■氣候變遷與全球暖化
NASA定義，全球暖化是過去一個世紀地表平均氣溫異常迅速增加的現象；而聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)於 2018年出版的1.5℃特別報告中解釋，由大氣觀測資料可知，全球暖化指全球地表平均氣溫在30年期間快速增加。
　　
總體而言，全球暖化是地球氣候系統的長期發熱，通常被測量為地球表面氣溫的平均增加。根據IPCC於2013年發布的第5次評估報告（Fifth Assessment Report,AR5）指出，自1880到2012年，全球平均氣溫上升0.85℃，且正以數十年到數千年前所未有的速度發展，此全球暖化的現象極有可能（超過95％的可能性）是自工業革命以來，人類活動（主要是化石燃料燃燒）增加地球大氣中的溫室氣體導致的。而根據「臺灣氣候變遷科學報告2017」指出臺灣全年氣溫在1900-2012年上升約1.3℃，且近50年、近10年增溫有加速的趨勢。
　　
■人為排放的溫室氣體，可能為氣候變遷的主要原因之一
發生氣候變遷的因素有很多，IPCC指出自工業革命起，人為溫室氣體的排放不斷上升，當前已達到最高水平，主要是因經濟和人口增長所造成。
　　
值得注意的是，1750年至2011年間約一半的人為CO2排放是在最後40年間產生，造成大氣二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亞氮（N₂O）的濃度增加到過去80萬年以來最高點。CO2排放約40%留存在大氣中；剩餘的CO2從大氣中移除，儲存在陸地（植物和土壤）和海洋中。海洋大約吸收約30%的人為排放CO2，和水反應產生碳酸導致海洋酸化。整個氣候系統受到各種人為排放溫室氣體的影響，都可能為氣候變遷的主要原因之一[5]。
　　
■全球醫師呼籲：請重視氣候變遷與人類健康的密切關係
地球暖化與極端天氣事件(extreme weather events)例如：風暴、洪水、乾旱、熱浪)逐年增加增強，已嚴重侵害人類生存，乾淨的空氣與水、充足的食物、安穩住所與免於疾病危害等健康生存的條件，都面臨威脅。
　　
因此，世界衛生組織在2008年將「氣候變遷」 (climate change)訂為該年度世界健康日的主題，希望世界各國能重視氣候變遷對人類健康的影響，並且採取適當的因應措施。
　　
根據聯合國跨國氣候變遷小組IPCC 2007年的評估報告，全球平均溫度升高將導致：
(1)部分地區水資源減少及乾旱增加
(2)物種滅絕或遷移
(3)部分地區農作物會減產，而魚類的分佈與產量也會改變
(4)海平面上升等等現象，造成人類飲水、食物取得困難，生態失衡
(5)氣候變化對於工業、居住環境與社會將造成負面影響
(6)更將損及幾百萬人的身體健康
　　
以下針對上述評估報告中提到的人體健康影響議題，進一步彙整出可能造成的重大危機：
(1)糧食不足
(2)越來越頻繁的極端天氣事件將導致更多人因為熱浪、洪水、風暴、火災和乾旱而生病、受傷或死亡
(3)水資源不足以及暴雨會導致衛生環境不佳
(4)熱浪將導致心血管或呼吸系統疾病死亡率的增加、氣喘等呼吸系統與心血管疾病的發生率增加
(5)氣溫與降雨型態的改變會導致媒介動物之地理分佈的改變，造成瘧疾、登革熱、血吸蟲病(Schistosomiasis)、萊姆病(Lyme disease)、蜱媒腦炎(tick-borne encephalitis)等傳染病之散播。
▶提到這，相信你我都已深刻感受到氣候變遷確實與傳染病傳播有著密切的關係。
　　
■氣候變遷與傳染病
研究學者在2008年回顧「氣候變遷與傳染病」對北美洲可能的影響時，曾提到4類傳染病：
1. 「人畜共同傳染病與蟲媒傳染病(Zoonotic and vector-borne diseases)」
病原會因為氣溫升高，而縮短在媒介昆蟲體內的發育時間，增加能夠感染人體的期間；而氣候改變會改變媒介昆蟲與動物宿主的地理分佈與族群數目。
▶例如：萊姆病、登革熱、瘧疾、狂犬病、西尼羅病毒出血熱(West Nile Fever)、屈公病(Chikungunya)、兔熱病(Tularemia)等。
　　
2. 「水媒與食媒疾病(Water- and food-borne diseases)」
某些病原菌在溫度較高時其存活與繁殖較好，而暴雨及洪水將增加病原進入水源的機會。
▶例如：腸道出血性大腸桿菌感染症(verotoxigenic Escherichia coli)、彎曲桿菌(Campylobacter)、沙門氏菌(Salmonella)、志賀氏菌(Shigella)、弧菌(Vibrio)、退伍軍人菌(Legionella)、肉毒桿菌(Clostridium botulinum)、腸梨型蟲(Giardia)、隱胞子蟲(Cryptosporidium)。
　　
3. 「傳染性呼吸系統疾病(Communicable respiratory diseases) 」
冬季氣溫上升可能會減少呼吸道疾病的發生率，但是氣候改變造成空氣污染物的濃度升高會對呼吸道黏膜造成傷害，進而增加感染傳染病的機會。
▶例如：流行性感冒、呼吸道融合病毒(respiratory syncytial virus)、肺炎鏈球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)。
　　
4. 「侵襲性黴菌疾病(Invasive fungal diseases) 」
生態和氣象變化會改變當地的土壤生態、水文與氣候，造成侵襲性黴菌持續存在於環境中，並且釋放出孢子。
▶例如：皮炎芽生菌(Blastomyces dermatitidis)、隱球菌(Cryptococcus gattii)、粗球黴菌(Coccidioides immitis) [6]。
　　
■氣候變遷與人類身體健康
聯合國氣候變遷委員會（IPCC）向各國政府提出警告，若不減少排放量，氣候暖化可能透過4種方式影響人類身體健康。
▶「蚊蟲傳播」
氣溫升高提供蚊蟲繁衍的溫床，例如攜帶登革熱的蚊蟲更為普遍，且蚊蟲分布的活動空間比過去還廣[7]。
　　
▶極端氣候將導致「細菌透過水源傳播」
據喬治梅森大學的氣候中心主任莫娜所說，氣候異常易產生短期降雨量暴增，進而引發洪水氾濫，雨水與污水混合，將導致食源性疾病傳播到食物生長地方。
　　
▶「2型糖尿病患者增加」與氣候升溫有關
根據《BMJ護理雜誌》報導[8]，2型糖尿病患者增加與氣候升溫有關，但仍需要精確的實驗證明，專家目前推測與棕色脂肪組織有關。棕色脂肪組織在較冷天氣時會燃燒脂肪並產生熱量，反之，氣溫升高會降低這些組織的活性，可能刺激胰島素分泌異常與糖尿病。
　　
▶「呼吸疾病」
最後一點是最直觀的呼吸問題，溫室氣體與化石燃料污染物會在大氣中，產生固體顆粒與液體的混合物，可能侵入肺部與血液中。據《柳葉刀》報導[9]，這些粒狀混合物恐降低肺功能及增加心血管疾病（如中風）的風險，該報導統計，全球每年有800萬人死於空污[10]。
　　
全球氣候變遷與人類健康兩者間的關係是多樣、複雜且重要的，極端的天氣更會影響人的健康、安全及存活。許多呼吸道疾病、心血管疾病、腎臟疾病、消化道疾病、神經疾病、精神疾病、傳染性疾病、熱相關疾病、意外災害及癌症等都與天氣變化息息相關。
　　
因此在天氣變化時應提高警覺，隨時掌握天氣動態，留意身體的情況，當氣溫特別熱或特別冷時應小心有無呼吸道疾病、心血管疾病、神經疾病或熱疾病的相關症狀，及早發現不適症狀並及時就醫治療。
　　
而預防勝於治療，臨床醫療人員應了解氣候變遷對於人的影響，具備天氣變化可能造成相關疾病的知識，知道不論氣溫過高或過低時都會增加死亡率，寒冷效應持續時間比熱效應長，並能夠提供病患諮詢和當天氣變化時先提醒病患，尤其是老人及本身罹患慢性病的人更應叮嚀其注意身體情況有無變化，將有助於減少併發症及死亡率。
　　
藉由努力了解氣候變化對於健康的影響，建立預警系統隨時掌握當地最新的氣象動態，以及提升醫療體系對於緊急情況的快速反應，可以減少或避免人體健康遭受天氣所帶來的威脅[11]。
　　
　　
【Reference】
1.來源
➤➤資料
∎[1] (The News Lens 關鍵評論網)【接地氣的現代詩】顏嘉琪〈極地〉：詩中描述的氣候變遷，顯然不只是極地的人需要面對：https://bit.ly/32PPYbv )
　
∎[2] 指逾量生理代謝熱能、作業環境因素（包括空氣溫度、濕度、風速和輻射熱）及衣著情形等作用，對人體造成的熱負荷影響
　
∎[3] (中時新聞網)「氣候變遷與健康」：https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20210423000005-260405?chdtv
　
∎[4] Greenpeace 綠色和平 (台灣網站) 「什麼是氣候變遷？全球暖化的原因？有哪些影響？懶人包一次告訴你」：https://bit.ly/3xmfa7D
　
∎[5] (行政院環境保護署)「氣候變遷衝擊-天氣與氣候」：https://ccis.epa.gov.tw/know/detail2
　
∎[6] 飛資得醫學資訊 (FlySheet Med-Informatics) 「全球醫師呼籲:請重視氣候變遷與人類健康的密切關係」：http://vip.flysheet.com.tw:8080/mednews/003/item/115-003-hot.html
　
∎[7] (Medical Society Consortium on Climate & Health) MEDICAL ALERT! Climate Change Is Harming Our Health ：https://medsocietiesforclimatehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/gmu_medical_alert_updated_082417.pdf
　
∎[8] Blauw LL, Aziz NA, Tannemaat MR, et al. Diabetes incidence and glucose intolerance prevalence increase with higher outdoor temperature. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care 2017;5:e000317. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000317
https://drc.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000317

∎[9]Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett R, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. Lancet. 2017 May 13;389(10082):1907-1918. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6. Epub 2017 Apr 10. Erratum in: Lancet. 2017 Jun 17;389(10087):e15. Erratum in: Lancet. 2018 Apr 21;391(10130):1576. PMID: 28408086; PMCID: PMC5439030.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30505-6/fulltext#articleInformation

∎[10] (台灣醒報)「氣候變遷危害健康 IPCC：提防4種疾病」：https://anntw.com/articles/20181015-zjUN

∎[11] (台灣內科醫學會)內科學誌-氣候變遷與人類健康：http://www.tsim.org.tw/journal/jour23-5/05.PDF
　
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衛生福利部 / 國民健康署 / 財團法人國家衛生研究院 / 國家衛生研究院-論壇

Tags: open data weather 國家衛生研究院國衛院國家衛生研究院論壇國衛院論壇衛生福利部國民健康署氣候變遷健康不願面對的真相全球暖化溫室氣體傳染病

國家衛生研究院-論壇

About author

近年台灣面臨人口老化、少子化、人口移動頻繁、貧富差距的社會現象，為因應此現象，政府成立衛生福利部，以有效彙整醫藥衛生與社會福利之資源與服務，提供整合性的服務措施及全方位的照護體系，給予民眾多方向的全人服務。完整說明，詳：https://bit.ly/3bjItNv )

國衛院論壇提供溝通平台，結合國內外專業人力，針對衛生醫療及社會福利問題之探討與增進國民健康福祉。

open data weather 在 โปรแกรมเมอร์ไทย Thai programmer Facebook 的最讚貼文

By โปรแกรมเมอร์ไทย Thai programmer

2020-10-25 09:48:28 有 88 人按讚

ในการพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์
เราต้องสร้างมันให้ตรงใจผู้ใช้งาน
ที่เปลี่ยนใจไปมาราวกับอากาศที่เปลี่ยนแปลงบ่อยๆ
.
แถมต้องให้เสร็จตรงตามเวลาที่กำหนดอีกด้วย
จึงมักเจอแต่งานด่วนและเร่งรีบตลอดเวลา
ถ้าวันไหนโชคดีหน่อยก็อาจว่างทั้งวัน
.
แต่วันไหนดวงมรณะมาเยือน
ก็อาจเจอแรงกดดันทั้งจากหัวหน้า
เพื่อนร่วมงาน และลูกค้า
แล้วเราจะรับมือกับมันอย่างไรดี?
.
.
วิธีรับมือก็คืออย่าท้อถอย ยิ่งโดนด่า ยิ่งโดนทุบตี ยิ่งต้องสู้
ยิ่งเราผ่านเรื่องเลวร้ายมาในชีวิต ยิ่งเจ็บปวดมากเท่าไร
เราก็ยิ่งเก่งและแกร่งขึ้น
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ความยาว 176 หน้า กระดาษ A5 (≈ 41,002 คำ)
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ไม่มีแจก PDF ปรินต์ออกมาไม่ได้
ราคาถูกลงมาหน่อย 250 บาท ฿
กับ 279 บาท ฿ (ซื้อผ่านระบบ Apple)
ซื้อได้ที่ 👇
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สำหรับตัวอย่างหนังสือ ดาวน์โหลดได้ตามลิงก์ข้างล่าง 👇
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✍ เขียนโดย โปรแกรมเมอร์ไทย thai programmer
In software development.
We have to build it right in the user s' heart.
That changes my mind like the weather that changes frequently.
.
Plus, it has to be done on due time.
I always encounter urgent work and hustle all the time.
If any day is lucky, it may be free all day.
.
But when the death horoscope comes.
Maybe some pressure from the boss.
Colleagues and clients.
So how do we handle it?
.
.
The way to cope is not to be discouraged. The more you get scolded, the more you get beaten up, the
The worse we go through in life, the more pain we hurt.
We are getting better and stronger.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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< Public relations for book sale />
′′ Programmer can also be rich by the black-line outsworth path
Length 176 pages h̄n̂ā (≈ 41,002 words)
divided into 2 versions
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👉 1) Special version as PDF
The printing comes out to sleep and scratching belly. Reading. Price is 330 ฿
Contact to order at Line lịn̒ 269 aibvq (only PDF)
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No PDF printing is not coming out
Price is cheap. 250 baht ฿
With 279 baht) (buy via Apple system)
Buy it at 👇
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For the download book preview, follow the link below 👇
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1tAnMozeYd63dcbBGTQmT_ZrpSaamZS3e
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✍ Written by Thai programmer thai coderTranslated

Tags: open data weather

โปรแกรมเมอร์ไทย Thai programmer

About author

เพจนี้เปิดใช้งานเมื่อ 22 มิถุนายน 2014 เพจนี้เน้นหนักไป ทางการเขียนโปรแกรม คอมพิวเตอร์ และไอที ล้วน ๆ แบบฮาร์ดคอ หรือจะไร้สาระ มุกตลกขำ

ให้สาระด้านไอที คอมพิวเตอร์ และอาชีพโปรแกรมเมอร์ และสายงานด้านคอมพิวเตอร์

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#89. WorldClim: Global weather stations | Data Basin

The points in this shapefile represent locations of the weather stations assembled for use in devloping the WorldClim dataset.

#90. Free NWP data - IEA wind task 36

DWD / ICON-EPS, opendata.dwd.de/weather/nwp/icon-eu-eps/grib, GRIB2, ICON-EU-EPS, triangular grid ; donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/, GRIB2, Open Data (Donnees ...

#91. Weather data for research and projects - Department of ...

From time to time I receive requests for UK weather data from users for a ... which are made available by the Met Office under the Open Government Licence, ...

#92. Open Data in 60 Seconds

The Open Government Data Toolkit is designed to help governments, ... If you've ever checked an online weather forecast, used your smartphone's GPS to find ...

#93. The Top 9 Weather APIs for 2022 - Tomorrow.io

The company aims to bring low-cost data and analysis tools to the public for use in data science, business analytics, machine learning, and other applications.

#94. Free GIS Data - Weather and Climate Data - GIS Resources

European Climate Assessment and Dataset: Gridded observation data across Europe, including cloudiness, temperature, precipitation, humidity, pressure, snow and ...

#95. Niagara Weather Information Systems + Year - Datasets

... Weather Information ... Dataset · Groups · Activity Stream · Showcases ... Niagara Weather Information System. Data and Resources.

#96. Weather (1) - Datasets - Government of Jersey Open Data

1 dataset found. Organizations: Weather Formats: XML Tags: Rain. Filter Results ... Monthly rainfall data since 1894 provided as monthly and annual totals.

#97. About Data | Weather Underground

To provide observational meteorological data in near real-time to support forecast, warning and other public service programs of the NWS. For more detailed ...

#98. How to get the historical weather for any city with BigQuery?

... a JOIN `bigquery-public-data.noaa_gsod.gsod201*` b ON a.usaf=b.stn ... To retrieve the historical weather for any city, first we need to ...

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