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在skeletal muscle cell這個產品中，有7篇Facebook貼文，粉絲數超過4萬的網紅王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。，也在其Facebook貼文中提到， ［早餐絕對要吃的理由—以減脂增肌的角度］ 有臉友私訊我，說很多醫師在鼓吹不吃早餐的好處，想問我是否認同這樣的想法？ 當然 #百分百不認同啊‼️來我這裡的肥胖學員多的是skip掉早餐，睡到中午才吃第一餐或是一天只吃晚餐的人，完全沒有因為這樣就比較健康還更胖啊！我答應她會寫一篇文章來說明，為什麼我覺...
　同時也有1部Youtube影片，追蹤數超過16萬的網紅夠維根Go Vegan，也在其Youtube影片中提到，不管事專業運動員或是健身練肌肉的人 吃素需要注意甚麼呢？ FB粉絲專頁：https://www.facebook.com/GoVeganTW 提倡一種新的生活態度，透過動畫宣導"動物權利"！ 感謝【台灣素食營養學會】整理資料、提供贊助 【台灣素食營養學會 官網】http://www.twvns....

skeletal muscle cell 在 王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。 Facebook 的精選貼文

王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。 By 王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。

2021-09-27 08:51:33 有 941 人按讚
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［早餐絕對要吃的理由—以減脂增肌的角度］

有臉友私訊我，說很多醫師在鼓吹不吃早餐的好處，想問我是否認同這樣的想法？

當然 #百分百不認同啊‼️來我這裡的肥胖學員多的是skip掉早餐，睡到中午才吃第一餐或是一天只吃晚餐的人，完全沒有因為這樣就比較健康還更胖啊！我答應她會寫一篇文章來說明，為什麼我覺得早餐（早上的蛋白質補充）#絕對是一整天最重要的一餐！

過去的研究很多，我直接拿今年最新的兩篇出來：
✅關於減脂
今年在《The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition》發表一個關於進食的時間跟代謝和致胖因子的關係「Late eating is associated with cardiometabolic risk traits, obesogenic behaviors, and impaired weight loss」

這個在西班牙的研究招募3362名成年人參與減肥療程，並根據早餐和晚餐時間的中間點（以14:54為界）分為早食組和晚食組；（例如，早餐8:00吃、晚餐17:00吃，那中間點是12:30所以是早食組）

結果發現：兩組在能量攝入、運動鍛煉的總量上沒有差異，但是 #晚食組比早食組具有更高的BMI和三酸甘油脂，以及 #較差的胰島素敏感性，晚食者 #減重成功率比早食者低17%，每周平均減重重量低80g。

晚食者出現 #減肥卡關的機率更高，減肥動機降低，且出現 #壓力性進食、 #夜晚過量進食、 #看電視進食的機率更高。晚食組也跟 #較高的心血管代謝疾病風險有關。

✅關於增肌
你知道有所謂的「 #肌肉時鐘」嗎？
《Cell report》今年七月有一篇日本早稻田大學探討一天蛋白質分佈在不同時間對增肌的影響「Distribution of dietary protein intake in daily meals influences skeletal muscle hypertrophy via the muscle clock」，這個研究動物跟人類都有做。

人類部分，在60位65歲以上的年長女性身上發現，當一天總蛋白質攝取 #集中在早餐比例最高的女性，不管是肌肉質量指數（SMI）和握力測試都有比較好的結果。早餐攝取高蛋白質和高齡健康女性的肌肉質量跟肌力都呈現正相關。

而老鼠實驗進一步驗證機轉，發現當每天餵食兩餐，一餐蛋白質濃度11.5%一餐8.5%，雖然一整天蛋白質總量一樣，但早餐攝取高蛋白質濃度的小鼠，比晚餐攝取高蛋白質的小鼠出現更明顯的腿部肌肉成長，肌肉成長比率上升17%。

#表示蛋白質在早餐吃利用率遠大於晚餐

這跟肌肉生長基因🧬（myogenic genes）有關的生理時鐘，在白天特別活躍有關。

這也就是為何我所有的學員，我都鼓勵他們早起吃早餐，而且一天四餐當中，早餐的蛋白質一定要吃到一天的最高比例（40-50克），而臨床也發現，那些睡到快中午才吃早餐的人，的確在減肥中保留肌肉的效率比較差。

總結以上，說不吃早餐比較健康的人我實在想不到有什麼研究可以拿出來佐證，醫學並不是固著信仰，或是自我感覺良好，而是看數據對照臨床說話的科學，不用打口水戰，一切看實證。

#早餐是補充蛋白質最好最重要的時間
#早餐不吃變胖變肌少
#早餐低碳高蛋白質穩定一天血糖

Reference:
1. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021, 113.1: 154-161.
2. Aoyama, Shinya et al.Cell Reports, Volume 36, Issue 1, 109336

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王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。

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王姿允醫師 Dr.WZY 台灣唯一同時擁有家醫、肥胖、美容、老年、骨鬆等五科專科醫師認證的醫師。專長為肥胖醫學、專利4+2R增肌減脂飲食、腸道微菌研究、新陳代謝疾病。高雄湞媄診所院長。
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skeletal muscle cell 在 運動營養博士 Jimmy Facebook 的最佳解答

運動營養博士 Jimmy By 運動營養博士 Jimmy

2020-12-21 22:55:22 有 20 人按讚
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感謝 莊昕悅營養師 製圖 被營養耽誤的繪畫設計師🤣🤣
只是小筆記，有些paper還沒看完，之後都會有完整版發文，單純分享，歡迎互相討論唷！
希望我指導教授看到不會問我 阿我癌症的有沒有整理🤭

#吉米健身營養 #運動營養博士Jimmy #小筆記

碳水：
1. 碳水佔比：正常飲食佔50-60%、減醣飲食20-40%、生酮飲食10%以下。
2. 碳水主要來源是全榖雜糧、水果、蔬菜與牛奶，所以生酮飲食的碳水部分幾乎只能吃蔬菜、豆魚蛋肉、油脂與堅果種子。
3. 生酮飲食目前研究，不影響運動表現，但不建議在增肌期使用。
4. 精製糖（營養標示碳水化合物下面那行「糖」），每日建議攝取量：男生50g以下、女生40g以下。
5. 60公斤的人平均肝醣在肝中約100g，在肌肉中約350g。
6. 每公斤肌肉中肝醣含量為15g (1.5%)。肌肉約等於40%體重。
7. 肝醣帶水很重，肝醣1g會帶2.7g水，總重2.7+1=3.7g。如果你60 kg，肌肉量24 kg (佔24%)，肝醣量360g(1.5%)，水重為972g，肌肉加帶水總重為1.3 kg。
8. 運動後建議補充簡單醣類（精製醣）1.2g/kg體重，回補肝醣。
9. 碳水可以增加胰島素，胰島素不能幫助肌肉合成，但可以預防肌肉降解。
10. 飲食中碳水比例55%，最長壽。所以低碳飲食，除非攝取植物性蛋白與脂肪為主，不然不建議長期使用。

脂肪：
1. 肉類包含蛋白質與脂肪，肉吃多不會只有蛋白質攝取高，脂肪也會攝取過多。
2. 減脂時普遍不缺脂肪，酪梨與堅果都與屬於油脂類，再健康都不需要多吃。
3. 膽固醇大部分是內生性的，跟吃海鮮蛋黃無關，蛋黃一天可以超過一顆。
4. 脂肪補充不會增加耐力型運動表現。

蛋白質：
1. 減脂期飲食蛋白質高比例（1.6g/kg體重以上），可以幫助肌肉維持。
2. 重訓後，肌肉蛋白在48小時內，肌肉合成速度都會提高，這段時間都可以補充優質蛋白質或乳清。
3. 2001年Esmarck文獻認為運動後2小時內補充蛋白質對肌力提昇及肌肥大效果比較有效。（後幾年文獻很多不認同，認為蛋白質合成時間不應該這麼狹隘）
4. 平常人每餐一次吸收的蛋白質平均上限為20g。蛋白質攝取會隨著年紀而增加，老年人平均每餐上限約為40g。
5. 但有阻力訓練維持的人，蛋白攝入40g比20g有更高的肌肉蛋白合成。
6. 較新文獻認為，年輕人單餐攝入的優質蛋白質（即乳清）平均為0.31 g / kg。
7. 40 g蛋白質可以在夜晚睡眠中維持較高的肌肉蛋白質合成速率。
8. 最優質蛋白質（擁有全面性胺基酸）來源：蛋、牛奶、乳清。
9. 每公斤體重要吃多少g蛋白質？成人1.1、老人1.2、耐力訓練1.3-1.7、阻力訓練1.6-2.2。
10. 植物性蛋白缺乏全面胺基酸，可使用兩種素食蛋白（例如穀類與豆類）搭配使用及增加使用量，一樣有增肌效果。
11. 高蛋白飲食可以有效減少肝臟脂肪堆積。

牛奶與乳製品：
1. 豆漿是豆魚蛋肉類，牛奶是乳品類，不一樣。
2. 骨質疏鬆建議負重訓練與補充蛋白質以外，要額外補充鈣1000-1200 mg、維生素D3 800 I.U.，約等於3瓶牛奶、曬太陽20 min。
3. 即使都有補充蛋白質、維生素D3 、鈣，沒有負重訓練，可能會有骨密度下降的問題。
4. 增加骨密度最好的運動，跳繩！
5. 肌少症建議負重訓練與補充蛋白質，可減少TypeII肌肉降解，預防肌少症發生。

減重：
1. 減重的過程中，脂肪減少的比例要占減少總重量70％才算有效減重。（每減重1kg，要減脂肪重0.7kg以上。）
2. 減重一定要熱量赤字，沒有熱量赤字使用任何減脂方法都是無效的。
3. 隔日斷食：一天正常飲食，隔天吃800大卡內循環。
4. 五二輕斷食：五天正常飲食，二天吃500大卡內。
5. 186斷食：一天18小時不吃東西，6小時內進食完畢。
6. 間些性斷食可以減重/減脂、改善胰島素阻抗，降血糖血壓，降低體內發炎反應。但對於改善血脂差異不大。
7. 減脂期3個月後一定要進休息期，改善代謝適應造成的減重卡關。
8. 作弊日是指休息日，類是像五二輕斷食的那五天，是正常飲食，不是暴食！
9. 休息期的介入可以保留較多的肌肉並同時減少更多的脂肪，且基礎代謝率也不會因為熱量赤字而大幅下降。
10. 充足的睡眠有更好的減脂效果。
11. 科學文獻已經證實，沒有運動後燃脂效應。
12. 女生最健康體脂為22%，17％以下有停經的可能。
13. 訓練強度愈強，後續所帶來的減脂效果愈好。有氧減脂效果沒有比較好。
14. 運動當下是燃燒肝醣不是脂肪，運動當下不會減脂。
15. 運動的減脂效應是肌肉搶走脂肪原本要拿走的碳氫能源，使的脂肪能量收入少，開始減脂。
16. 運動後馬上進食，對於整體減脂效果更好。
17. 訓前訓後的營養支持，對於運動表現沒有影響。

增肌：
1. 運動後補充碳水0.9g /kg +蛋白質0.3 g/kg體重，可以幫助肝醣回補及肌肉合成。
2. 增肌期，新手熱量多500-1000大卡，肌肉合成快。但老手建議多250大卡即可，肌肉成長慢，過多熱量容易轉為脂肪。
3. 肌肉合成需要：重訓刺激、全面性胺基酸（優質蛋白質）的補充。
4. 碳水補充不會增加肌肉合成。

運動營養：
1. 文獻中認為pre-workout中最有效的補充劑就是肌酸與丙胺酸，可以增加運動表現。
2. 水合型肌酸是目前被公認最有效形式，每天5g補充即可。填充期被證明不需要也可以慢慢到達肌酸最大存量。
3. 文獻中證實HMB，對於新手肌肉成長十分有效。
4. 運動前補充咖啡因可以提高運動表現。
5. 低肝醣對於短時間（45m）運動不影響運動表現，但長時間會。
6. 高肝醣存量可以增加耐力型運動表現。
7. 耐力型運動可以增加粒線體數目，心室容積增加，有氧產能提昇。
8. 運動後補充碳水與蛋白質比例3:1，效果最好！（量要依照每人每日熱量換算）
9. 喝水量每天被建議每公斤體重30-40c.c. 但是科學文獻證實沒有喝水量建議（因為個體差異太大，所以要適當調整）
10. 喝水不會提昇代謝率幫忙減脂。
11. 喝冰水可以降低中心溫度，增加運動表現。
12. 人體在缺水2％才會感到口渴，3%會降低運動表現。
13. 運動中建議每15分鐘要喝一次水。
14. 含有醣類、胺基酸的運動飲料跟水比，更能提昇長時間的運動表現。

1. Margolis, L.M., et al., Coingestion of Carbohydrate and Protein on Muscle Glycogen Synthesis after Exercise: A Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2020.
2. Biolo, G., et al., Insulin action on muscle protein kinetics and amino acid transport during recovery after resistance exercise. Diabetes, 1999. 48(5): p. 949-57.
3. Seidelmann, S.B., et al., Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health, 2018. 3(9): p. e419-e428.
4. Goedecke, J.H., et al., Metabolic adaptations to a high-fat diet in endurance cyclists. Metabolism, 1999. 48(12): p. 1509-17.
5. Garthe, I., et al., Effect of two different weight-loss rates on body composition and strength and power-related performance in elite athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2011. 21(2): p. 97-104.
6. Phillips, S.M., A brief review of critical processes in exercise-induced muscular hypertrophy. Sports Med, 2014. 44 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): p. S71-7.
7. Esmarck, B., et al., Timing of postexercise protein intake is important for muscle hypertrophy with resistance training in elderly humans. J Physiol, 2001. 535(Pt 1): p. 301-11.
8. Macnaughton, L.S., et al., The response of muscle protein synthesis following whole-body resistance exercise is greater following 40 g than 20 g of ingested whey protein. Physiol Rep, 2016. 4(15).
9. Moore, D.R., Maximizing Post-exercise Anabolism: The Case for Relative Protein Intakes. Front Nutr, 2019. 6: p. 147.
10. Trommelen, J. and L.J. van Loon, Pre-Sleep Protein Ingestion to Improve the Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Exercise Training. Nutrients, 2016. 8(12).
11. van Vliet, S., N.A. Burd, and L.J. van Loon, The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Consumption. J Nutr, 2015. 145(9): p. 1981-91.
12. Lynch, H.M., et al., No Significant Differences in Muscle Growth and Strength Development When Consuming Soy and Whey Protein Supplements Matched for Leucine Following a 12 Week Resistance Training Program in Men and Women: A Randomized Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020. 17(11).
13. Xu, C., et al., High-protein diet more effectively reduces hepatic fat than low-protein diet despite lower autophagy and FGF21 levels. Liver Int, 2020.
14. Kemmler, W., et al., Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Parameters in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia-One-Year Results of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST). J Bone Miner Res, 2020. 35(9): p. 1634-1644.
15. Cienfuegos, S., et al., Effects of 4- and 6-h Time-Restricted Feeding on Weight and Cardiometabolic Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Obesity. Cell Metab, 2020. 32(3): p. 366-378.e3.
16. Tinsley, G.M., et al., Time-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 2019. 110(3): p. 628-640.
17. Nedeltcheva, A.V., et al., Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity. Ann Intern Med, 2010. 153(7): p. 435-41.
18. Lytle, J.R., et al., Predicting Energy Expenditure of an Acute Resistance Exercise Bout in Men and Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2019. 51(7): p. 1532-1537.
19. Huhmann, K., Menses Requires Energy: A Review of How Disordered Eating, Excessive Exercise, and High Stress Lead to Menstrual Irregularities. Clin Ther, 2020. 42(3): p. 401-407.
20. Kuo, C.H. and M.B. Harris, Abdominal fat reducing outcome of exercise training: fat burning or hydrocarbon source redistribution? Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2016. 94(7): p. 695-8.
21. Schoenfeld, B.J., et al., Pre- versus post-exercise protein intake has similar effects on muscular adaptations. PeerJ, 2017. 5: p. e2825.
22. Glynn, E.L., et al., Muscle protein breakdown has a minor role in the protein anabolic response to essential amino acid and carbohydrate intake following resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2010. 299(2): p. R533-40.
23. Kreider, R.B., et al., International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2017. 14: p. 18.
24. Hultman, E., et al., Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol (1985), 1996. 81(1): p. 232-7.
25. Savoie, F.A., et al., Effect of Hypohydration on Muscle Endurance, Strength, Anaerobic Power and Capacity and Vertical Jumping Ability: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med, 2015. 45(8): p. 1207-27.

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運動營養博士 Jimmy

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Nutrition Ph. D. 營養博士 ACE-CPT 國際私人健身教練 CTSSN 運動營養專業認證 每天握握槓鈴、翻翻PubMed 一個單純分享科學文獻，運動營養知識的地方。 其他內容在IG : jimmy79103
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skeletal muscle cell 在 王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。 Facebook 的最佳貼文

王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。 By 王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。

2020-08-17 16:31:58 有 198 人按讚
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[㊙️高蛋白質逆轉高脂肪的壞處，包括高脂造成的肌肉流失🤩]
#高脂肪會造成肌肉萎縮
#但加上高蛋白質可以降低傷害
#生酮胺基酸可以保留酮體好處但減少高脂肪的氧化壓力

之前敲碗的 #高蛋白質v.s高脂肪的文出來囉！
跟各位分享三篇研究，首先我們來看看2014的這一篇：
這篇餵食老鼠21周的研究分成5組:
(1) 低脂肪+酪蛋白組(10% kJ Low fat diet (LFD)+ 20% KJ casein)
(2) 高脂肪+酪蛋白組(45% kJ high fat diet (HFD)+ 20% KJ casein)
(3) 高脂肪+20%乳清蛋白(45%kJ HFD + 20% kJ WPI)
(4) 高脂肪+30%乳清蛋白(45% kJ HFD + 30% kJ WPI)
(5) 高脂肪+40%乳清蛋白(45% KJ HFD + 40% kJ WPI)

最後發現 「高脂肪+ 40%乳清蛋白」這組體重的上升 #幾乎跟低脂肪飲食一樣少，顯示拉高蛋白質跟碳水的比例到40:15時，可以抑制高脂肪的體重上升。身體組成方面:
脂肪的比例: (2)>(3)=(4)>(5)>(1)
肌肉的比例: (1)>(5)>(3)=(4)>(2）

這個發現告訴我們幾件事:
1️⃣蛋白質/碳水的比例有一個 #劑量閾值(threshold)的關係，也就是一定要到某個程度才能有顯著意義的效果，這跟期刊在今年的研究，發現要靠脂肪造成血酮，要攝取到89-90%才會有用，85%還不夠。
2️⃣吃低脂肪飲食比高脂肪飲食的老鼠擁有更高的瘦肉比例，顯示 #高脂肪對肌肉不利，除非把蛋白質拉高才能彌補。
3️⃣乳清蛋白比起酪蛋白似乎增肌減脂的效果更好。

接下來兩篇近期研究及可解釋這個機轉:
一篇是2019年的高脂肪生酮(KD)研究，在餵食含73.9%高脂肪飲食7天後。有以下發現：

⚠️腓腸肌（Ga)、脛前肌（Ta)和比目魚肌（Sol)的質量分別 #減少了23%，11%和16%。

⚠️Ga，Ta、Sol肌肉纖維的大小和四肢的握力也 #分別顯著下降了20%，28%，16%和22%。

⚠️ #肌肉萎縮相關基因Mafbx，Murf1，Foxo3，Lc3b和Klf15在骨骼肌中的表現上調，幫助肌肉合成的基因如Igf1, Myod1的表現下降，此研究發現 #KD抑制了肌肉蛋白質的合成。

腓腸肌（Ga），脛前肌（TA）是所謂的 #快肌，非常容易因為 #壓力賀爾蒙可體松(glucocorticoid,GC)的分泌而降解，通常在斷食24-48小時之後GC就會結合相關受器(glucocorticoid receptor,FOXOs11 and KLF15)來啟動 #肌肉萎縮相關基因(muscle atrophy-related genes)例如: muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, MAFbx, MuRF1)來 #誘發分解蛋白質的自噬系統(autophagy pathway)跟 #分解蛋白質的泛素-蛋白酶體系統(Ubiquitin-proteasome system, UPS)，而高脂肪造成的自由基產生的 #氧化應激反應基因（oxidative stress-responsive gene,如Sod1）上升，使肌肉中的氧化壓力增加，也是除了高皮質激素血症，低胰島素血症和IGF-1降低之外，造成肌肉萎縮的原因之一。

好了，上一篇告訴我們高脂肪飲食造成肌肉萎縮的機轉，接下來這篇就可解釋為何高蛋白質可以阻止這些高脂肪的危害。

先說說人體有 #5種可以生糖也可以生酮的胺基酸，還有 #2個純生酮胺基酸，這 #7種胺基酸都可以完全或部份分解後跳過檸檬酸循環，在肝臟中變成酮體。

過去研究發現富含 #生酮氨基酸的替代食品（KAAR）可以 #改善高脂飲食 引起的 #脂肪肝變性，而2018年這篇也是針對餵食高脂肪小鼠(30%脂肪)的腓腸肌和比目魚肌，發現高脂肪會造成 #粒線體形態變化 和 #相關的粒線體功能障礙，以及參與蛋白質合成跟細胞保護的磷酸化AKT and 4EBP1的表現下降。但加入生酮胺基酸後，可以調解快肌和慢肌中的AKT / 4EBP1和自噬路徑，改善了高脂肪誘導的肌肉跟粒線體損傷。

其實不只腓腸肌和比目魚肌中會因高脂肪出現粒線體缺陷， #肥胖也是看到粒線體的失能，而這個研究告訴我們，🔆KAAR可能是對抗肥胖跟高脂食物引起的粒線體功能障礙的新策略，這也就能解釋，為何吃4+2R的受試者都能在低脂情況下利用高生物利用率蛋白質(high-biological-value protein)中的7種生酮胺基酸達到對身體有好處的酮體，同時也避免氧化壓力(發炎指數下降)，現在多了一個可研究的機轉---可能修復受損的粒線體🌈，讓我們拭目以待🤩

附圖為第一篇研究跟吃R1+2的受試者血酮測量值。
#營養醫學是軟土深掘
#高脂跟高蛋白質造成的酮體路徑是不一樣的
#影響腸道菌的層面也不會一樣

Reference:
1. McAllan L, Skuse P, Cotter PD, Connor PO, Cryan JF, et al. (2014) Protein Quality and the Protein to Carbohydrate Ratio within a High Fat Diet Influences Energy Balance and the Gut Microbiota In C57BL/6J Mice. PLOS ONE 9(2): e88904.
2. Nakao, R., Abe, T., Yamamoto, S. et al. Ketogenic diet induces skeletal muscle atrophy via reducing muscle protein synthesis and possibly activating proteolysis in mice. Sci Rep 9, 19652 (2019).
3. Li J, Kanasaki M, Xu L, et al. A ketogenic amino acid rich diet benefits mitochondrial homeostasis by altering the AKT/4EBP1 and autophagy signaling pathways in the gastrocnemius and soleus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2018;1862(7):1547-1555. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.013
4. L. Xu, M. Kanasaki, J. He, M. Kitada, K. Nagao, H. Jinzu, Y. Noguchi, H.Maegawa, K. Kanasaki, D. Koya, Ketogenic essential amino acids replacement diet ameliorated hepatosteatosis with altering autophagy-associated molecules, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1832 (2013) 1605-1612.

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王姿允醫師。我的無齡秘笈。

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王姿允醫師 Dr.WZY 台灣唯一同時擁有家醫、肥胖、美容、老年、骨鬆等五科專科醫師認證的醫師。專長為肥胖醫學、專利4+2R增肌減脂飲食、腸道微菌研究、新陳代謝疾病。高雄湞媄診所院長。
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skeletal muscle cell 在 夠維根Go Vegan Youtube 的精選貼文

夠維根Go Vegan By 夠維根Go Vegan

2016-05-22 10:26:58 有 35,028 人看過 有 588 人喜歡
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不管事專業運動員或是健身練肌肉的人
吃素需要注意甚麼呢？

FB粉絲專頁：https://www.facebook.com/GoVeganTW
提倡一種新的生活態度，透過動畫宣導"動物權利"！

感謝【台灣素食營養學會】整理資料、提供贊助
【台灣素食營養學會 官網】http://www.twvns.org/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
【參考資料】
肌肉男女如何吃純素？　　　http://goo.gl/f2Wzcj
草食男女健身必讀 [懶人包] https://goo.gl/v5H4sN
吃素跑對馬拉松有影響嗎？　http://goo.gl/4MlOsa

1.肯亞少肉：
Olympic vegetarians: the elite athletes who shun meat http://goo.gl/J8GgkL

2.運動選手氧化速度快：
Fuhrman J, Ferreri DM. Fueling the vegetarian (vegan) athlete. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010 Jul-Aug;9(4):233-41. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181e93a6f. Review. Erratum in: Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010 Sep-Oct;9(5):313.

3.藍莓提升選手抗氧化機能：
McAnulty LS, Nieman DC, Dumke CL, Shooter LA, Henson DA, Utter AC, Milne G,McAnulty SR. Effect of blueberry ingestion on natural killer cell counts,oxidative stress, and inflammation prior to and after 2.5 h of running. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011 Dec;36(6):976-84.

4.澱粉才是主要能量來源：
Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Mar;116(3):501-28.

5.健身選手蛋白質需求量：
Helms ER, Aragon AA, Fitschen PJ. Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014 May 12;11:20. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-20. eCollection 2014. Review. PubMed PMID: 24864135; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4033492.

6.植物性與動物性蛋白質之比較：
Van Vliet S, Burd NA, van Loon LJ. The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Consumption. J Nutr. 2015 Sep;145(9):1981-91. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.204305. Epub 2015 Jul 29. Review. PubMed PMID: 26224750.

7.素食選手與葷食選手的營養狀況一樣好：
Eisinger M, Plath M, Jung K, Leitzmann C. Nutrient intake of endurance runners with ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet and regular western diet. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1994 Sep;33(3):217-29.

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這裡是夠維根，由兩位男子組成的美食團隊，用美味多樣的食材、餐點，打破你對傳統素食/蔬食的觀念? 《活動、業配、合作》邀約 信箱：[email protected] Vegan 美食× 開箱 ×備餐 × 環保 × 零殘忍? 提倡一種新的生活態度，透過影片宣導動權、環保、飲食健康！ ? *Follow me* FB：https://www.facebook.com/GoVeganTW IG：https://www.instagram.com/govegantw/ Patreon贊助：https://www.patreon.com/govegantw ? *周 邊 商 品* T-shirt、帽子、環保袋 https://bit.ly/3nf67jb 聯名Line貼圖 https://bit.ly/38zEFrY ? *近期團購優惠* https://campsite.bio/govegantw
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#8. skeletal muscle | Definition & Function - Encyclopedia Britannica

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#58. Muscle cell Definition and Examples - Biology Online Dictionary

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#60. SKELETAL MUSCLE ORGANIZATION

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#61. Skeletal Muscle – Veterinary Histology - The Ohio State ...

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#63. A 3D culture model of innervated human skeletal muscle ...

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#64. TPC - Skeletal muscle - PET data analysis

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#65. Muscles - Better Health Channel

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#66. Muscle-specific gene expression. A comparison of cardiac ...

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#67. The skeletal muscle fiber in the light of electron microscope ...

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#68. 10.2 Skeletal Muscle - Anatomy and Physiology | OpenStax

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#69. Muscle Tissue - Histology at SIU

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#70. Skeletal Muscle Remodeling: Interconnections Between Stem ...

Muscle stem cells and protein turnover are commonly recognized as fundamental contributors to muscle remodeling processes but often are viewed as independent ...

#71. Molecules in motion: influences of diffusion on metabolic ...

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#72. Muscle Cells Lesson for Kids - Video & Lesson Transcript

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#73. Muscle Cells Pictures, Images and Stock Photos - iStock

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#74. BBC Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - Muscles Layer

Contraction: Muscle cells get shorter (contract) in response to nerve impulses. Structure. Your skeletal muscles are made up of bunches of elongated, ...

#75. Skeletal Muscle – Anatomy & Physiology - UH Pressbooks

A muscle fiber is composed of many fibrils, which give the cell its striated appearance. This figure shows the structure of the muscle fibers. In the top panel, ...

#76. Skeletal Muscle Is an Antigen Reservoir in Integrase-Defective ...

Interestingly, GFP + muscle fibers were co-expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, suggesting that muscle cells are competent ...

#77. Skeletal muscle created from stem cells - ScienceDaily

Scientists have developed a new strategy to efficiently isolate, mature and transplant skeletal muscle cells created from human pluripotent ...

#78. Skeletal Muscle Contraction | Concise Medical Knowledge

When a nerve impulse arrives from a motor neuron, the signal triggers an action potential (AP) in the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane), ...

#79. ioskeletal myocytes | human ipsc derived skeletal ... - Bit Bio

Skeletal myocytes demonstrate robust expression of components of the contractile apparatus and form striated, multinucleated, myocytes by Day 10 post ...

#80. Feline Skeletal Muscle Cells: FSkMC

(Click to Enlarge) Feline Skeletal Muscle Cells: FSkMC. Isolated from skeletal muscle made up of fibers, each of which is a single cylindrical muscle cell.

#81. Skeletal Muscle Cells | GeneTex

Skeletal muscle consists of elongated multinuclear cells (myofibers) bundled together to form striated muscle fibers.

#82. Anatomy Skeletal Muscle Activity Answers

Anatomy of a skeletal muscle cell | Muscular-skeletal system physiology | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy ... A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it.

#83. The Structure & Function of Muscle Cells - Sciencing

According to BMH Linguistics, skeletal muscle cells make up the bulk of muscles in human bodies. These muscle fibers attach to bones allowing ...

#84. Skeletal Muscle Cells Stock Photos and Images - Alamy

Find the perfect skeletal muscle cells stock photo. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images.

#85. Skeletal muscle cells - BioLamina

Biorelevant culture of muscle cells on Biolaminin substrates. Laminin 211, 221 and 521 form an important part of the adult skeletal muscle microenvironment.

#86. Schematic representation of the skeletal muscle structure ...

Each single muscle cell, or myofiber, is surrounded by endomysium. Satellite cells are located between the connective tissue sheet and the myofiber plasma ...

#87. Skeletal Muscle - WikiMSK

The skeletal muscle fibres are parallel with the collagen strands and so force from the muscle creates tension on the collagen strands. Each skeletal muscle ...

#88. Human Skeletal Muscle Cells | Biocompare

Compare Human Skeletal Muscle Cells from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, reviews, and more.

#89. An overview of stem cells which could be used to ...

Image removed. Satellite Cells and skeletal muscle regeneration. There are lots of stem cells in the body, their job is to repair or renew ...

#90. BIOL 237 Class Notes - Muscle Structure

Skeletal muscle cells are independent cells separated from one another by connective tissue and must each be stimulated by axons of a neuron.

#91. Muscle Physiology - SCIENTIST CINDY

Skeletal muscle fibers are extremely long, cylindrical cells. A single muscle fiber can be up to a foot long in some muscles. This unique property is made ...

#92. Skeletal muscle cell - Medical Dictionary

Looking for online definition of skeletal muscle cell in the Medical Dictionary? skeletal muscle cell explanation free. What is skeletal muscle cell?

#93. Skeletal muscle cells are tubular They have multiple nuclei ...

Illustration of Skeletal muscle cells are tubular They have multiple nuclei Skeletal muscle is striated, it has an alternating pattern of light and darks ...

#94. https://doi.org/10.1002/phy2.256

沒有這個頁面的資訊。

#95. Higher Blood Fats More Harmful Than Previously Thought

In the lab, the team replicated the blood fat levels observed in humans with metabolic disease by exposing skeletal muscle cells to a fatty ...

#96. The importance of muscle strength - The Tryon Daily Bulletin

Skeletal muscle is striated muscle tissue, controlled by the somatic ... Muscle cell growth occurs when the rate of protein synthesis or ...