關於 because of the fact that用法 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

轉貼喬之前整理的「因為」用法

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<超重要!”因為”的用法整理!>
喬今天要分享的是非常重要的「因為」用法，要表達前因後果必然用到，那麼就請同學一起將這一同性質單字區記熟吧!

【以下都是連接詞，接子句。】

since 因為 [because]
例: Since you are already here, you might as well stay.
因為你已經在這了，你可能也會停留在這。

in that (正式用法) 因為; 由於
例: The research is important in that it confirms the link between aggression and alcohol.
這項研究非常重要，因為它證實了攻擊行為和酗酒之間的關聯。

as 因為 [since; because]
例: As you are leaving last, please turn out the lights.
因為你會最後離開，請關燈。

seeing (that) 因為; 既然
例: Seeing you are already here, just take whatever you want!
既然你在這了，拿走任何你想要的東西吧!

now (that) 既然; 由於
例: Now that she's got more responsibility, she's enjoying the job.
因為承擔了更多的職責，所以她很喜歡這份工作。

as long as 只要; 因為; 如果
[1] = provided (that ) 如果; 只要
As long as you can come by six, I'll be there.
[2] = since; seeing that
As long as long you're going to the grocery anyway, buy me a pint of ice cream.
[3] = so long as: during the time that; through the period that
As long as we were neighbors, they never invited us indie their house.

【以下後面都接主詞(動名詞Ving或名詞)】

for the sake of 為了幫助某人; 因為幫助(某人)
[in order to help or bring advantage to someone]
例: Please do it, for David's sake.
因為要幫助大衛，請做這件事。
例: Their parents only stayed together for the sake of the children.
他們的父母只是因為孩子才住在一起。

in view of 因為; 考慮到
[because of a particular thing or considering a particular fact]
例: In view of what you've said, I think we should reconsider our proposed course of action.
考慮到你剛才所說的，我認為我們應該重新考慮擬定的行動計劃。

in/on behalf of [as a representative of or a proxy for; in the interest or aid of (someone)]
例：He interceded in my behalf.
他因為要幫我而求情。

for 因為 [because of]
例: David's mother burst into tears for his addiction to alcohol.
大衛的媽媽崩潰大哭因為他對於酒物的成癮。

because of 因為

on account of [FORMAL] 由於; 因為
例: He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his health.
由於健康原因，他不喝酒。

owing to 因為; 由於
例: The concert has be canceled owing to lack of support.
由於缺乏資助，音樂會被取消了。

as a result of 因為; 由於
[because of something]
例: Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.
由於最近銷售量滑坡，利潤下降了。

as a consequence of 由於; 因為
(即為把result代換為consequence)

by dint of [正式用法] 由於; 憑藉
[as a result of something]
例: She got what she wanted by dint of pleading and threatening.
她軟硬兼施終於達到了目的。

due to 由於; 因為 [because of]
例: A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.
她的不開心主要是因為無聊。

thanks to 由於; 因為
例: Thanks to his aid, I made it to achieve the goal.
因為他的幫忙，我達成了目標。

by virtue of (正式用法) 因為; 由於; 憑藉
例: She succeeded by virtue of her tenacity rather than her talent.
她成功靠的是堅韌不拔，而不是天賦。

in the wake of 作為...的後果; 隨...之後而來 (有因果的關係)
例: Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's bomb attacks.
昨天的炸彈襲擊發生之後，機場安檢變得格外嚴格。

(以上字典取自- dictionary.cambridge.org | google.com | dictionary.com )

--

✔ 喬的著作《我的第一本英文文法 國際學村出版》購買連結
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【喬的部落格網誌聊英文談職場/商務英文】
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[詞彙區別] constitute, compose, consist of, comprise, account for, make up 的區別

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詞彙區別: http://wp.me/p44l9b-16B

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在寫作的時候，有些同學為了避免重複使用相同的詞彙，卻選用了意義上不盡相同的詞，而無法精確地表達出自己所想傳達的想法。這問題很可能來自於考生平時在語言學習上過於依賴中英翻譯，因此在不夠了解某些詞彙精準的用法的情況下，很容易造成讀者的誤解。

為了幫助同學增加詞彙量並且精確地在口說和寫作上使用這些字，我建議同學們不要一開始的時候就死記硬背一群同義詞彙 (e.g. decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, reduce, alleviate) 。雖然如此做會快速幫同學累積對這些詞的認知，可是認知都會停留在模糊階段。建議同學先熟悉其中一兩個單詞以後在開始累積相關的同義詞彙，也應該用搭配詞跟片語加上完整的例句和短文來輔助自己對單詞的理解。同時同學們也應該在使用這些單詞之前先查查字典，更進一步了解這些詞彙的使用方式。

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1. constitute: to constitute something is to form a whole, especially of dissimilar components: Love and hate can constitute a balanced relationship.

constitute 所“構成”的事物在屬性和特徵上，亦或在組織上，與組成成分是一致的。

-Seven days constitutes a week (七天構成一個星期。).

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2. Compose: to compose means the same as to constitute, but implies that the components have something in common: Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

在表示“由……材料構成”時，見於被動語態；在用於主動語態時，一般它所表示的“構成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一，而且主語或者是複數名詞或者是集體名詞。

-Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. (混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構成。 )

-Mere facts, when badly stated, do not compose a good book. (僅僅有資料，如果陳述得很糟糕，並不能組成一本好書)

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3. account for: 說明（原因、理由等）; 導致，引起; （在數量、比例上）; 占 (e.g. This group accounted for 60% of the population.)

(在數量、比例上）占

These products, in total, account for about 80％ of all our sales (這些產品總共約占我們全部銷售額的80％。).

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4. make up: 組成 to combine together to form something [= constitute]:

-Women make up only a small proportion of the prison population. 女人只佔監獄人口的一小部分。

-The committee is made up of representatives from every state (委員會由每個州的代表組成的。).

-Children makes up only 10% of the population (兒童只佔人口的10％。).

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5. consist of: to consist of something is to be made up of it: A lethal dose of nerve agent VX consists of only 10 milligrams.

consist of 的含義與被動語態的 compose 相同

-Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective. (雖然那件化裝服裝僅由一條床單組成，但效果很好。)

-This group consists of men, women, and children.
(這個小組由男人，女人和孩子們組成的。).

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6. comprise: to comprise something has the same meaning as to consist, often implying that the whole is regarded from the point of view of its individual parts: The chain is comprised of many links, and is only as strong as its weakest.

comprise 在表示“構成”時，其內涵是“包括”或“覆蓋”*

-The committee comprises men of widely different views (這個委員會由見解甚為懸殊的人組成。).

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從這些動詞的意思來看，若要表示數個個體或項目組成一個整體時，我們可用 compose 或 constitute。

England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland compose/constitute the United Kingdom.

(英格蘭、威爾斯、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭組成了聯合王國。)

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若要表示一個整體是由個數個體或項目所組成時，我們可用 comprise* 或 consist of / be composed of 。

(compose 經常用於被動態，而以 be composed of 的型式出現，意思和用法跟 consist of 完全一樣。)

-The United Kingdom comprises*/consists of/is composed of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

(聯合王國是由英格蘭、威爾斯、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭所構成)

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詳細的說明: http://www.learnerhall.org/2012/12/consist-of-compose-contain-comprise.html

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*在這幾個字當中，僅 comprise 兼具其他字的意思，但它也是最麻煩、最讓人困擾的字。英語 評論人士強烈反對 comprise 被用作 constitute 的意思以及 comprise 以被動態形式 be comprised of 來表示 consist of 的意思，所以對於 Fifty states comprise the United States. (五十個州組成了美國) 和 The United States is comprised of fifty states. (美國是由五十個州所組成) 這樣的句子結構，他們期期以為不可，而堅持只有 The United States comprises fifty states. 才是唯一正確的用法。但他們反對的這兩種用法其實早已是不 折不扣的標準英語，一些新版的字典甚至將 be comprised of 堂而皇之地列為片語，如 The course is comprised of ten core modules. (這門課是由 10 個核心單元組成)。然而，在公說公有理，婆說婆有理，各有堅持的情況下，在此建議：若使用 comprise 會讓你覺得心虛或沒把握，那麼不妨使用它的同義詞，也就是沒有爭議的 constitute, consist of 或 be composed of 來代替之。

*An interesting history of sense development concerning the word comprise has caused confusion, if not hate for the word itself. The most common mistake is confusing consist and comprise with each other. To say A lethal dose of nerve agent VX comprises of only 10 milligrams, is wrong because it is not analyzed from each separate component or milligram, but rather as a whole dose. In fact, there is a lot of skepticism and criticism of the word “comprise” all together. “None of the many neat schemes purporting to describe its correct use seems accurately to describe the way Standard English users actually employ comprise.” (Bartleby) Thus it is suggested to use constitute and/or compose as active verbs, while consists and/or includes as passive. However, if your use of the word can clearly indicate its context, separate from the its other accepted use, choosing a substitute is not necessary.

Also, ”Comprises” is "better" grammar than ”is comprised of.” “The whole comprises multiple parts” is better than, “The whole is comprised of multiple parts.” Even better though is, “Multiple parts comprise the whole."

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Sources:
http://www.bartleby.com/68/3/1403.html
http://bulo.hjenglish.com/question/33021/
http://blog.cybertranslator.idv.tw/archives/2590
http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/dictionaries/english/data/d0081813.html
http://www.learnerhall.org/2012/12/consist-of-compose-contain-comprise.html
http://everything2.com/title/consist%252C+comprise%252C+constitute%252C+or+compose

More sentences:
-The pie chart consists of/comprises of the percentages of four different fuel sources used in electricity production.

-Electricity (that is) produced with coal composed/constituted/accounted for 50% of the total electricity (that is)produced.

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contain vs. include:
Contain: Something is considered to be within something else.

The toy contains many small moving parts. ->The small moving parts are a part of the toy.

Include: Something is added to something else, possibly containing it, possibly not.

-This toy includes batteries. -> The batteries are not a part of the toy. They just come with the toy.

【喬的回顧系列：與「因為」相關的字詞整理】
這篇的字詞分享並非全然可以直接翻譯為「因為」，但廣義上來說這些字詞帶有「因果關係」的概念，所以整理在同一篇。各位同學可以複習這篇，對於閱讀文章時會更能釐清篇章的邏輯因果關係。

--

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【喬的部落格網誌聊英文談職場/商務英文】
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<超重要!”因為”的用法整理!>
喬今天要分享的是非常重要的「因為」用法，要表達前因後果必然用到，那麼就請同學一起將這一同性質單字區記熟吧!

【以下都是連接詞，接子句。】

since 因為 [because]
例: Since you are already here, you might as well stay.
因為你已經在這了，你可能也會停留在這。

in that (正式用法) 因為; 由於
例: The research is important in that it confirms the link between aggression and alcohol.
這項研究非常重要，因為它證實了攻擊行為和酗酒之間的關聯。

as 因為 [since; because]
例: As you are leaving last, please turn out the lights.
因為你會最後離開，請關燈。

seeing (that) 因為; 既然
例: Seeing you are already here, just take whatever you want!
既然你在這了，拿走任何你想要的東西吧!

now (that) 既然; 由於
例: Now that she's got more responsibility, she's enjoying the job.
因為承擔了更多的職責，所以她很喜歡這份工作。

as long as 只要; 因為; 如果
[1] = provided (that ) 如果; 只要
As long as you can come by six, I'll be there.
[2] = since; seeing that
As long as long you're going to the grocery anyway, buy me a pint of ice cream.
[3] = so long as: during the time that; through the period that
As long as we were neighbors, they never invited us indie their house.

【以下後面都接主詞(動名詞Ving或名詞)】

for the sake of 為了幫助某人; 因為幫助(某人)
[in order to help or bring advantage to someone]
例: Please do it, for David's sake.
因為要幫助大衛，請做這件事。
例: Their parents only stayed together for the sake of the children.
他們的父母只是因為孩子才住在一起。

in view of 因為; 考慮到
[because of a particular thing or considering a particular fact]
例: In view of what you've said, I think we should reconsider our proposed course of action.
考慮到你剛才所說的，我認為我們應該重新考慮擬定的行動計劃。

in/on behalf of [as a representative of or a proxy for; in the interest or aid of (someone)]
例：He interceded in my behalf.
他因為要幫我而求情。

for 因為 [because of]
例: David's mother burst into tears for his addiction to alcohol.
大衛的媽媽崩潰大哭因為他對於酒物的成癮。

because of 因為

on account of [FORMAL] 由於; 因為
例: He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his health.
由於健康原因，他不喝酒。

owing to 因為; 由於
例: The concert has be canceled owing to lack of support.
由於缺乏資助，音樂會被取消了。

as a result of 因為; 由於
[because of something]
例: Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.
由於最近銷售量滑坡，利潤下降了。

as a consequence of 由於; 因為
(即為把result代換為consequence)

by dint of [正式用法] 由於; 憑藉
[as a result of something]
例: She got what she wanted by dint of pleading and threatening.
她軟硬兼施終於達到了目的。

due to 由於; 因為 [because of]
例: A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.
她的不開心主要是因為無聊。

thanks to 由於; 因為
例: Thanks to his aid, I made it to achieve the goal.
因為他的幫忙，我達成了目標。

by virtue of (正式用法) 因為; 由於; 憑藉
例: She succeeded by virtue of her tenacity rather than her talent.
她成功靠的是堅韌不拔，而不是天賦。

in the wake of 作為...的後果; 隨...之後而來 (有因果的關係)
例: Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's bomb attacks.
昨天的炸彈襲擊發生之後，機場安檢變得格外嚴格。

(以上字典取自- dictionary.cambridge.org | google.com | dictionary.com )

--

✔ 喬的著作《我的第一本英文文法 國際學村出版》購買連結
博客來: https://bit.ly/38nOl5H

【喬的部落格網誌聊英文談職場/商務英文】
☛ Blogger: http://ohjoseph86.blogspot.com/

【快追蹤IG關注第一手更新與喬生活】
☛ Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/ohjoe86