「每日英文閱讀分享#025」
Why the U.S. Still Has a Severe Shortage of Medical Supplies
文章中作者提出幾個重要的點:
1. Strategic National Stockpile (SNS),需要借助政府的力量,發揮更大的影響力。
2. SNS需要獲取更全面的資訊
3. SNS需要更強的人才,例如了解局勢的人或是資源分析師、流行病團隊
作者最後提及,需要政府的力量來幫助SNS,讓他們可以在短期健康或長期的抗戰中,獲得勝利。
今天再度分享一個食物單字【beef】,
當作名詞的時候相信大家耳熟能詳,
但是轉成動詞以後,卻變得很有趣!
Vt : to increase or add substance, strength, or power to —usually used with up money
例句:to beef up its staff of professional economists— John Fischer
Vi : complain
用法:always beefing about something
例句:Instead of beefing about what Mrs Martin has not done, her critics might take a look at what she is trying to do.—Collins Dictionary
#言之有物
#英語學習
#商業英文
#BusinessEnglish
#SupplyChain
#每日英文閱讀分享
#一起來建立英文閱讀習慣吧
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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complain to用法 在 Translators Anonymous Facebook 的最佳解答
【我愛英文單字篇】
其實英文單字並不是我的強項,由我鼓吹練習閱讀時不要查單字就可得知。某些單字,尤其是副詞或形容詞,我常常只由上下文推測它是正面或負面意思,並不知道確切的意思。可是這個做法是有原因的:英文單字本來就有分「等級」,其實是常用度,有些字典會在常用字前面打三顆星,有些一顆都沒有。所以背單字的時候其實要勢利一點,三顆星表示會常常碰到,要優先背,知道用法與衍生字,沒有星的表示有這個單字但不常遇到,認得就可以,有閒暇時間再深入研究。
以下整理我認為背單字時的要領:
1. 例句:
背單字時務必要看例句,學用法,尤其是具有多重用法的單字。隨便舉一個例子,represent 是代表的意思,這個字究竟可以「代表」多少東西,又該怎麼用?根據劍橋英語辭典的例句有下列定義與用法:
a. to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people:
They chose a famous barrister to represent them in court.
I sent my husband to represent me at the funeral.
Women were poorly represented at the conference.
b. to be the Member of Parliament, or of Congress, etc. for a particular area:
Ed Smythe represents Barnet.
c. to be the person from a country, school, etc. that is in a competition:
She was chosen to represent France at the Olympics.
d. to express or complain about something, to a person in authority:
We represented our grievances/demands to the boss.
e. to show or describe something or someone:
The statue represents St. George killing the dragon.
This new report represents the current situation in our schools.
f. to be a sign or symbol of something:
To many people the White House represents the identity of the United States.
g. to be the result of something, or to be something:
This book represents ten years of thought and research.
The new offer represented an increase of 10 percent on the previous one.
以上這些例句顯示這個單字除了「代表」之外還有「代理」、「代表選民」、「提出」、「描述」、「象徵」等意義,詳讀例句不止有助理解單字的正確用法,還有它的廣泛意思,若在閱讀及其他地方看到這個單字時能加深印象。
2. 衍生字
衍生字就是單字的親戚,單字家族,例如represent的家族包括representable、representation、representational、representative、通常在字典相近處,用一樣的方法研究例句與用法,背單字時順便認識整家人,不一定要同時背下來,但至少知道有這些變化,遇到的時候會有印象。
3. 上下文(context)
有些單字的多重意思乍看之下八竿子打不著關係,其實暗藏玄機,例如terminal、 terminate、termination可以用在完全不同的領域。
Terminate 是動詞(好啦名詞就是terminator),是終結的意思,terminal當名詞有「終點站」的意思(王爾德拿來取笑某人在車站出生),飛機航廈也是terminal,電腦終端機也是terminal。當形容詞則是「末期的」(terminal cancer)。terminate 除了有「終結某事」的意思(terminate the contract),也用在形容終止妊娠(terminate the pregnancy)。所以termination 是abortion的另一個用法。學到這個字時就順便學非人工流產是miscarriage(懷孕失敗),衍生詞是miscarriage of justice(司法不公)。
記住「單字家族」和「多重意義」這兩個特性,遇到貌似熟悉的單字時藉由上下文「推測」單字的意思,而非直接查字典,或推測過後再查字典求證,會比直接查字典更印象深刻。
4. 以中文大量吸取知識
所謂知識包括一般知識與專長領域或興趣。當然,要用英文也可以,只是這部分用中文比較快。這是我覺得最重要的一點,有時候,單字背不起很可能是因為連這個單字的中文意思都不確定,不知道背景故事,或不知道那個概念的來源。例如我喜歡看《實習醫生》,所以我對各科別的英文名稱耳熟能詳,如果有人說他的專長是cardiovascular,我就知道cardio是心臟,vascular是血管,加起來就是心血管的。terminal、chronic、acute分別代表「末期」、「慢性病」和「急性」疾病,但terminal illness、chronic disease和acute illness有哪些例子?糖尿病屬於哪一種?闌尾炎屬於哪一種?這是不需要靠英文也可以學得的知識,但在學英文時絕對會有幫助。
如果讀到一篇關於冷戰的英文文章,事先知道冷戰的背景一定比完全不知道要來得容易,也比較容易猜測、記憶單字的意思。
我不知道市面上的英文學習書提供什麼樣的學習建議,以上是我的經驗談。我覺得學英文是多方面齊步並進的,沒有單一訣竅,關鍵在於保持好奇心,把自己當成海綿吸取知識,永遠不嫌多,就會變得很厲害了。
complain to用法 在 翻譯這檔事 Facebook 的最佳解答
馬英九以習近平為「他的(中國)國家主席」?疏忽還是惡搞?
剛剛在批踢踢英文板看到有人問([1]):原來英文中,一國的總統可以稱另一國總統為「his/her 國名形容詞 president」?真有這個用法?並指出有兩個媒體這麼寫:
1. (某新聞網站的圖片說明 [2]) Cuba's President Raul Castro, left, stands with his U.S. President Barack Obama.
古巴總統卡斯楚與「他的」美國總統歐巴馬並肩而站(?)
2. (美國之聲VOA學英文網站的文字稿 [3]) Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou told his Chinese president Xi Jinping that he was worried about China’s missiles deployed across the Taiwan Strait.
台灣總統馬英九告訴「他的」中國國家主席習近平……(?)
以上兩個英文說法若成立,則意味著歐巴馬對卡斯楚,或習近平對馬英九,是上對下、尊對卑、君對臣、中央對地方的關係。(但地方政府怎會有「總統」?)
但我認爲這英文的說法是不恰當的、是錯誤的,適當的說法應該是: his U.S. counterpart、his Chinese counterpart 才對,差了一字,含義大變。改成 counterpart 就讓雙方變成對等關係,這也才是外界對國家領袖的認知:關係對等。
卡斯楚的例子,我不好說什麼,只能說該圖片說明或許是一時筆誤,或者,該記者英文有問題。
馬英九的例子,則找到答案:各位聽一聽同一網頁中語音檔的唸稿,記者「巧妙地」把 his Chinese president Xi 唸成 Chinese president Xi,沒有不該有的 his,這表示該記者發覺文字稿有誤;或者也可能,記者本來製播時就是唸 Chinese president Xi,卻被哪個聽寫人誤寫還是惡搞,加上足以引起爭端的 his?這區區一個小字,錯得可真要命唷!
以下是VOA全文:
Leaders from Taiwan and China met Saturday for the first time since the end of the civil war in China, more than 65 years ago.
The meeting was an effort to create goodwill between the two sides. In the past seven years, ties between the sides have increased. However, some Taiwanese say those ties have not resulted in economic gains or greater security.
China claimed sovereignty over self-ruled Taiwan when it formed the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Relations were icy until 2008. The two sides agreed to link the two economies.
Today in Taiwan, people are unclear about the benefits of the relationship. The island’s economy shrank in the third quarter of this year.
Many Taiwanese wanted progress from the meeting. Liu Yi-jiun is a public affairs professor at Fo Guang University in Taiwan. He said there were high expectations because these two leaders had never met. He said, after two years of planning, political and economic concessions were promised but none were seen.
Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou told his Chinese president Xi Jinping that he was worried about China’s missiles deployed across the Taiwan Strait. <== 這句話無故多了個「his」
He also said people in Taiwan were frustrated that China was blocking Taiwan’s foreign relations. China has 170 allies compared with 22 for Taiwan. This difference lets China keep Taiwan from developing its diplomacy further.
In response to Taiwan’s concerns about missiles, Xi Jinping said Saturday China’s missiles were not aimed at Taiwan.
However, economic concerns remain. Taiwan has signed free-trade agreements with Singapore and New Zealand. Both countries have relations with the two sides. But China has blocked Taiwan from joining the United Nations or other international organizations.
Taiwanese officials say deals with China have created 9,600 jobs among a population of 23 million. Agreements that opened tourism brought a total 2.8 million mainland Chinese to the island last year. That is up from almost no tourism in 2007.
Trade deals also have helped increase total imports and exports to $130 billion last year.
China remains Taiwan’s largest trading partner. And it is the top receiver of Taiwanese foreign investment.
Some people complain the benefits of 23 deals with mainland China covering trade and other areas are reaching mainly the owners of big companies.
In Taiwan’s capital markets, investment from China amounts to only a fraction of the island government’s quota, or the amount permitted.
Tseng Ming-chung is Chairman of the Financial Supervisory Commission in Taiwan. He said Friday that the Taiwanese government has approved almost every application for investment from China.
He says the amount of money is extremely small. He adds that the Taiwanese government is not refusing applications. Tseng says mainland Chinese institutions cannot freely set up qualified domestic institutional investors.
China insists on eventual unification with Taiwan. However, public opinion polls show most Taiwanese oppose that goal.
Nathan Liu says the future of relations between the sides is unclear.
“…They think that at least by the end of Ma’s term the two sides should at least reach some kind of agreement,” he said. He noted that, an understanding that the sides are going toward common goals is needed, although it may not be a signed agreement. “This is not complete yet,” he said.
President Ma Ying-jeou has supported closer ties with mainland China. But he and his KMT party have lost support. He must step down next year because of term limits.
A backlash against economic deals with China started mass street protests in March 2014. That anger has given the island’s top opposition party candidate a lead in opinion polls ahead of the January presidential election. Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party has been highly critical of President Ma’s dealings with China.
Experts say the Saturday leadership summit appears not to have done enough to change voter opinion.
I’m Mario Ritter.
Ralph Jennings reported this story from Taipei. Mario Ritter adapted it for Learning English. Kathleen Struck was the editor.
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