Back to #HBL and #WFM today! Sharing a way to save your utility bills by using a cost-efficient sustainable alternative for air conditioner - CLOSE COMFORT Cool Focus Portable Air Conditioning Unit. Igloo Tent works as a glamp tent and a mosquito net, and power up the coolness by 12 °C when fitted with Cool Focus. This air conditioner doesn't cause dryness to our skin like normal traditional aircon, so that's a plus point to beauty lovers like us too!
Read all about them on my blog:
https://faithyvanitytable.blogspot.com/2021/09/closecomfort-review.html
同時也有13部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過21萬的網紅Ghib Ojisan,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Did you know there is a Japanese izakaya restaurant specialising in maguro (tuna)? The place is called Kuro Maguro, located at Tanjong Pagar and Sunte...
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cost efficient 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最佳解答
📜 [專欄新文章] Gas Efficient Card Drawing in Solidity
✍️ Ping Chen
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
Assign random numbers as the index of newly minted NFTs
Scenario
The fun of generative art NFT projects depends on randomness. The industry standard is “blind box”, where both the images’ serial number and the NFTs’ index are predetermined but will be shifted randomly when the selling period ends. (They call it “reveal”) This approach effectively solves the randomness issue. However, it also requires buyers to wait until the campaign terminates. What if buyers want to know the exact card right away? We’ll need a reliable onchain card drawing solution.
The creator of Astrogator🐊 isn’t a fan of blind boxes; instead, it thinks unpacking cards right after purchase is more interesting.
Spec
When initializing this NFT contract, the creator will determine the total supply of it. And there will be an iterable function that is randomly picking a number from the remaining pool. The number must be in range and must not collide with any existing ones.
Our top priority is accessibility/gas efficiency. Given that gas cost on Ethereum is damn high nowadays, we need an elegant algorithm to control gas expanse at an acceptable range.
Achieving robust randomness isn’t the primary goal here. We assume there’s no strong financial incentive to cheat, so the RNG isn’t specified. Implementers can bring their own source of randomness that they think is good enough.
Implementation
Overview
The implementation is pretty short and straightforward. Imagine there’s an array that contains all remaining(unsold) cards. When drawIndex() is called, it generates a (uniform) random seed to draw a card from the array, shortens the array, and returns the selected card.
Algorithm
Drawing X cards from a deck with the same X amount of cards is equal to shuffling the deck and dealing them sequentially. It’s not a surprise that our algorithm is similar to random shuffling, and the only difference is turning that classic algo into an interactive version.
A typical random shuffle looks like this: for an array with N elements, you randomly pick a number i in (0,N), swap array[0] and array[i], then choose another number i in (1,N), swap array[1] and array[i], and so on. Eventually, you’ll get a mathematically random array in O(N) time.
So, the concept of our random card dealing is the same. When a user mints a new card, the smart contract picks a number in the array as NFT index, then grabs a number from the tail to fill the vacancy, in order to keep the array continuous.
Tweak
Furthermore, as long as the space of the NFT index is known, we don’t need to declare/initialize an array(which is super gas-intensive). Instead, assume there’s such an array that the n-th element is n, we don’t actually initialize it (so it is an array only contains “0”) until the rule is broken.
For the convenience of explanation, let’s call that mapping cache. If cache[i] is empty, it should be interpreted as i instead of 0. On the other hand, when a number is chosen and used, we’ll need to fill it up with another unused number. An intuitive method is to pick a number from the end of the array, since the length of the array is going to decrease by 1.
By doing so, the gas cost in the worst-case scenario is bound to be constant.
Performance and limitation
Comparing with the normal ascending index NFT minting, our random NFT implementation requires two extra SSTORE and one extra SLOAD, which cost 12600 ~ 27600 (5000+20000+2600) excess gas per token minted.
Theoretically, any instantly generated onchain random number is vulnerable. We can restrict contract interaction to mitigate risk. The mitigation is far from perfect, but it is the tradeoff that we have to accept.
ping.eth
Gas Efficient Card Drawing in Solidity was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌
cost efficient 在 Gamma 美股科技投資 Facebook 的最讚貼文
【#Podcast更新了】
#菜雞變司機
EP4:為什麼不該拿學校教的東西來投資?只要學會這些就不用花大錢去上 _____ 了!(財管篇)
🎙️ Podcast 連結:https://gamma.soci.vip/
✍🏻 分析全文:https://gamma.to/notes/qnl4cB0ycao1f0VhjB28
🔖 財務管理課程中唯一重要的概念就是「未來的一塊錢跟今天的一塊錢不等價」。這樣的概念就被稱為 DCF (Discount Cash Flow,折現現金流)。在投資領域裡面,除了 DCF 沒有其他事情是真的有用的。
以下我們列出大學通常會教的課程內容,並來一個一個檢視這些概念與知識是否對投資人是有幫助的。
🔖 1) DCF (Discount Cash Flow,折現現金流):
這是在財金領域中唯一重要的觀念。如果你預期在 1 年後收到 $100,那這個未來的 $100 將會被折現因子所折現,來換算成現在的價值 (aka 現值 Present value)。打個比方,若折現率為 10%,那麼一年後的 $100,現在的價值為 $90.9 (= $100 / (1 + 10%))。那若情況改變,若是你預期將在 5 年後收到 $100,那麼在同樣 10% 的折現率下,這 5 年後的 $100 的現值變成 $62.1 (= $100 / (1 + 10%)^5 )。只要你了解這個概念,你就可以從商學院畢業了。
🔖 2) 財務報表分析:
這是一個經典的「分析完了,然後呢?」的分析,財金教授很熱情的在教這些給學生們,但這些教授甚至也不知道這些分析到底哪裡有用 (主筆:答案就是這些分析其實沒用)。這些分析最大的問題在於這種分析都是 backward looking (回顧過去的分析)。但投資最重要的是對未來的預測,你只會想要透過對於未來的預測而投資,而不是因為過去的財務數字如何去決定該如何投資。
🔖 3) 資產定價模型 (Capital Asset Pricing Model,CAPM):
CAPM 的概念很簡單,這個模型潛在的假設是認為整個市場 (S&P 500) 會上漲或下跌都是基於經濟的前景。而這樣的波動在一些經濟敏感度低的產業中較不明顯 (受總體經濟的影響較小),這種產業有像是健康照護、公用事業、民生必需品,但對於某些經濟敏感度高的產業中會更明顯,比如說工業、非必須消費品等等。而這個波動可以透過 beta 值來衡量,即衡量金融資產相對於對標指數的敏感度。
🔖 4) 加權平均資金成本 (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) (WACC is Whack lol):
現在你知道怎麼計算權益的資金成本了,你可以透過將權益的資金成本和債務的資金成本結合在一起,算出資本成本 (cost of capital)。比如說,如果 A 公司有 $50 的權益、$50 的債務,權益的資金成本為 4%,債務的資金成本為 2% (稅率為 20%),那麼資本成本將為 2.8% (4% * 50% + 2% * (1 - 20%) * 50%)。這就是 WACC 的概念。你可以使用 WACC,並透過未來的無槓桿自由現金流來算出企業價值。
🔖 5) 現代投資組合理論 (Modern Portfolio Theory):
現代投資組合理論的基本概念是,將沒有相關性或是有著負相關性的多個資產組合在一起,可以達到更高的風險調整後報酬。這也是基本上為何投資人需要將資產配置到債券中,儘管債券往往相對於股票有著更低的預期報酬。
🔖 6) 夏普比率 (Sharpe Ratio):
不像其他 Gamma 在這篇文章所提到的東西,Sharpe ratio 是真的在真實世界中最有用的概念。Sharpe ratio 就是在衡量風險調整後的報酬。
雖然 Sharpe ratio 公式對不是數學家的投資人來說可能會看起來有點複雜,但是你不需要去記這個公式。投資人唯一需要記得的是「越高的 Sharpe ratio 越好」,相對於追求更高的報酬,更高的 Sharpe ratio 可能才是更重要的目標。
🔖 7) 股利政策:
財金領域最重要的基本概念是,「透過股利支付或是買回在外流通股票來回饋給權益持有者,並不會改變權益持有者的價值」。
🔖 8 ) 實質選擇權 (Real Option):
一個新的投資項目因為很新,所以它可能會有非常多種不同的結果,因此要去估計該專案未來的現金流是很困難的。實質選擇權是一個替代的概念,與其去為一個專案做一堆假設很難預期的假設 (如:營收、獲利率和現金流等),實質選擇權鼓勵投資人去做出一些更難的假設,比如說結果的波動性、該專案的成長耐久性,來透過選擇權定價公式 (Black & Scholes) 去計算該專案的價值。
🔖 9) 效率市場假說 (Efficient Market Hypothesis):
效率市場假說是一種財務經濟學中的假說,該假說認為資產的價格會反應市場全部可得的資訊。這個概念直接的暗示就是「要想在風險調整的基礎下一直打敗市場是不可能的」,因為價格應該只會對新的資訊有所反應。
#各項細節於全文中
cost efficient 在 Ghib Ojisan Youtube 的最佳貼文
Did you know there is a Japanese izakaya restaurant specialising in maguro (tuna)? The place is called Kuro Maguro, located at Tanjong Pagar and Suntec City. I visited the Tanjong Pagar outlet, right outside the MRT. Despite the great location, I don't know why but I've always missed it. Kuro Maguro has been doing maguro business for over 50 years, and you can try truly unique tuna dishes here. Join me as I devour into the delicious world of tuna.
Thank you KING OF TIME for sponsoring this video! If you are looking for a reliable & cost-efficient attendance management system, definitely check it out. Claim your 30 day free trial from the link below!
https://huubap.com/kot/
For more info about the restaurant, check out Kuro Maguro's Facebook page:
https://www.facebook.com/KUROMAGUROMD/
* Claim 50% off "Grilled Maguro Rib (Usual price 29.8++)" by saying KING OF TIME upon ordering. Offer valid on weekdays only, until 30th April 2021.
Follow me on social medias!
?Instagram https://www.instagram.com/ghibli_ojisan/
?Twitter https://twitter.com/ghibli_ojisan
?Subscribe: http://urx3.nu/HTUJ
?Watch - Perhaps the Best Meal I had in Singapore:https://youtu.be/d46br1oiYaE
?Merch Links(アパレル):
SE Asia | https://ghib-ojisan.secure-decoration.com/shop/category/T-Shirt?c=2731898
Japan | https://suzuri.jp/ghib-ojisan
USA & EU | https://teespring.com/stores/ghib-ojisan
Business Enquiries
✉️[email protected]
You are welcome to send fan mails but I may not be able to respond to all of them. But I immensely appreciate your support. Thank you!
#Singapore #KuroMaguro #KINGOFTIME
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cost efficient 在 Ghib Ojisan Youtube 的最佳貼文
Did you know there is a new food place not really known among local Singaporeans? It's called Kamome Bakery, located at Novena. Opened in November 2019, this bakery/cafe serves authentic Japanese breads. I tried all of their signature menus out and introduced what I liked the most.
Thank you KING OF TIME for sponsoring this video! If you are looking for a reliable & cost-efficient attendance management system, definitely check it out. Claim your 30 day free trial from the link below!
https://huubap.com/kot/
I am hosting KING OF TIME's YouTube channel! The 1st video is uploaded so check it out: https://youtu.be/lEfgtmokt34
You can claim your FREE 6 piece gyoza limited to first 50 sets. Watch the video for more info!
Check out Kamome Bakery here:
https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Cafe/Kamome-Bakery-102858964498977/
Follow me on social medias!
?Instagram https://www.instagram.com/ghibli_ojisan/
?Twitter https://twitter.com/ghibli_ojisan
?Subscribe: http://urx3.nu/HTUJ
?Watch - Funniest Video I’ve Made:https://youtu.be/qmqJ5A4DaOI
?Merch Links(アパレル):
SE Asia | https://ghib-ojisan.secure-decoration.com/shop/category/T-Shirt?c=2731898
USA & EU | https://teespring.com/stores/ghib-ojisan
Japan | https://suzuri.jp/ghib-ojisan
Business Enquiries
✉️[email protected]
You are welcome to send fan mails but I may not be able to respond to all of them. But I immensely appreciate your support. Thank you!
#Singapore #KamomeBakery #Novena
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cost efficient 在 SUSURU TV. English Youtube 的最佳貼文
Thanks for tuning in !
SUSURU is introducing Japanese Ramen everyday!
▼Please SUBSCRIBE!!▼
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnZolrxDDJ5xc27iZm3JXSw
[Today's Ramen]
Fuku no Ken
Open 11am to 11pm Everyday
https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g1066443-d3780412
The videos are a English re-edit of videos we've already uploaded over at our Japanese channel.
SUSURU TV.(Japanese channnel)
https://www.youtube.com/c/SUSURUTV
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cost efficient 在 cost-efficient adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and ... 的相關結果
Definition of cost-efficient adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, ... ... <看更多>
cost efficient 在 cost-efficient - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com 的相關結果
adjective. productive relative to the cost. synonyms: cost-effective · efficient. being effective without wasting time or effort or expense. Usage Examples. ... <看更多>
cost efficient 在 cost-effective中文(繁體)翻譯:劍橋詞典 的相關結果
cost -effective翻譯:有成本效益的;物有所值的;合算的,划算的。了解更多。 ... <看更多>