【科技戰線】中美科技角力下的香港
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7月15日,美國總統特朗普簽署先前已獲國會通過的《香港自治法》,宣布正式撤銷香港特殊地位,暫停對香港提供優惠待遇,包括出口許可證豁免的規定。美國將在國防及軍民兩用技術上對香港施加與中國內地相同的貿易限制。這些舉動令香港失去原有的轉口貿易優勢,徹底陷入科技冷戰的漩渦中。香港多位科技業界人士憂心忡忡,他們擔心未來器材採購將受影響,長遠更將貽害香港的創科發展。
「許多互聯網產業的產品組成成份複雜,很難定義其性質是否為軍民兩用,這令出口許可獲批的不確定性增強,我擔心,此次制裁後,可能無法使用某些軟件,」香港互聯網服務供應商協會主席葉旭暉說。葉旭暉表示,香港互聯網業界使用的設備的組成零件來源可謂「錯綜複雜」,難言業界有多依賴美國的技術,但粗略估計華為與思科(Cisco)所佔的比例約在五五之數。
他另指,互聯網產業所涉及的技術有很多組成部份,如軟件、光纖、路由器(Router)、伺服器等,若其中的技術涉及美國,即可能會遭管制。他舉例稱,現時若涉及加密技術(encryption technology),手機軟件的開發者亦需向美國商務部申報,獲批後方可將軟件在商店上架,因此,若該技術進一步受管制,軟件開發亦受影響。
近年,香港政府越來越重視創科發展,而香港身處的大灣區更以成為國際科技創新中心為目標。然而,香港資訊科技商會榮譽會長方保僑認為,當一些美國技術不再出口到香港,本港創科發展勢受打擊。今年7月13日,香港美國商會發表調查指,在受訪的183名會員中,有約一半人表示個人會因應《港區國安法》的實施及近期的事態發展而考慮離開香港。然而,離開是否容易?
2019年,美國在香港的貿易順差超過260億美元,為美國的貿易夥伴中最高。「香港數十年來都是商業社會,由市場主導,跟著錢走,即是『錢』途,」黃錦輝笑言,美國難以放棄香港市場,特別是利用香港作為進入中國內地、東南亞市場的跳板。撰文:楊括、鄭梓冲
(本文節選自《彭博商業周刊∕中文版》第199期,如欲查閱全文,歡迎訂閱)
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encryption technology中文 在 Fintech 金融科技趨勢分享 Facebook 的最佳貼文
🗣臉書執行長祖克柏的2018新年志願,其中一項是聚焦「#去中心化」(decentralization)議題。他認為現在少數大型科技公司興起,加上政府利用科技來監視民眾,讓許多人認為科技集中化問題。
像是加密貨幣與區塊鏈技術,將可能解決集權化的問題,因此他將研究如何把區塊鏈技術和加密貨幣整合進 Facebook。
祖克柏每年年初都會發表新年新希望,像去年是走訪美國每一州、2016年是建立最簡單的家庭AI系統,以及最有名的是2010年學習中文 (他還真的學到能說流利中文)。
#MarkZuckerberg #Cryptocurrency #encryption
Every year I take on a personal challenge to learn something new. I've visited every US state, run 365 miles, built an AI for my home, read 25 books, and learned Mandarin.
I started doing these challenges in 2009. That first year the economy was in a deep recession and Facebook was not yet profitable. We needed to get serious about making sure Facebook had a sustainable business model. It was a serious year, and I wore a tie every day as a reminder.
Today feels a lot like that first year. The world feels anxious and divided, and Facebook has a lot of work to do -- whether it's protecting our community from abuse and hate, defending against interference by nation states, or making sure that time spent on Facebook is time well spent.
My personal challenge for 2018 is to focus on fixing these important issues. We won't prevent all mistakes or abuse, but we currently make too many errors enforcing our policies and preventing misuse of our tools. If we're successful this year then we'll end 2018 on a much better trajectory.
This may not seem like a personal challenge on its face, but I think I'll learn more by focusing intensely on these issues than I would by doing something completely separate. These issues touch on questions of history, civics, political philosophy, media, government, and of course technology. I'm looking forward to bringing groups of experts together to discuss and help work through these topics.
For example, one of the most interesting questions in technology right now is about centralization vs decentralization. A lot of us got into technology because we believe it can be a decentralizing force that puts more power in people's hands. (The first four words of Facebook's mission have always been "give people the power".) Back in the 1990s and 2000s, most people believed technology would be a decentralizing force.
But today, many people have lost faith in that promise. With the rise of a small number of big tech companies — and governments using technology to watch their citizens — many people now believe technology only centralizes power rather than decentralizes it.
There are important counter-trends to this --like encryption and cryptocurrency -- that take power from centralized systems and put it back into people's hands. But they come with the risk of being harder to control. I'm interested to go deeper and study the positive and negative aspects of these technologies, and how best to use them in our services.
This will be a serious year of self-improvement and I'm looking forward to learning from working to fix our issues together.
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