【我愛英文單字篇】
其實英文單字並不是我的強項,由我鼓吹練習閱讀時不要查單字就可得知。某些單字,尤其是副詞或形容詞,我常常只由上下文推測它是正面或負面意思,並不知道確切的意思。可是這個做法是有原因的:英文單字本來就有分「等級」,其實是常用度,有些字典會在常用字前面打三顆星,有些一顆都沒有。所以背單字的時候其實要勢利一點,三顆星表示會常常碰到,要優先背,知道用法與衍生字,沒有星的表示有這個單字但不常遇到,認得就可以,有閒暇時間再深入研究。
以下整理我認為背單字時的要領:
1. 例句:
背單字時務必要看例句,學用法,尤其是具有多重用法的單字。隨便舉一個例子,represent 是代表的意思,這個字究竟可以「代表」多少東西,又該怎麼用?根據劍橋英語辭典的例句有下列定義與用法:
a. to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people:
They chose a famous barrister to represent them in court.
I sent my husband to represent me at the funeral.
Women were poorly represented at the conference.
b. to be the Member of Parliament, or of Congress, etc. for a particular area:
Ed Smythe represents Barnet.
c. to be the person from a country, school, etc. that is in a competition:
She was chosen to represent France at the Olympics.
d. to express or complain about something, to a person in authority:
We represented our grievances/demands to the boss.
e. to show or describe something or someone:
The statue represents St. George killing the dragon.
This new report represents the current situation in our schools.
f. to be a sign or symbol of something:
To many people the White House represents the identity of the United States.
g. to be the result of something, or to be something:
This book represents ten years of thought and research.
The new offer represented an increase of 10 percent on the previous one.
以上這些例句顯示這個單字除了「代表」之外還有「代理」、「代表選民」、「提出」、「描述」、「象徵」等意義,詳讀例句不止有助理解單字的正確用法,還有它的廣泛意思,若在閱讀及其他地方看到這個單字時能加深印象。
2. 衍生字
衍生字就是單字的親戚,單字家族,例如represent的家族包括representable、representation、representational、representative、通常在字典相近處,用一樣的方法研究例句與用法,背單字時順便認識整家人,不一定要同時背下來,但至少知道有這些變化,遇到的時候會有印象。
3. 上下文(context)
有些單字的多重意思乍看之下八竿子打不著關係,其實暗藏玄機,例如terminal、 terminate、termination可以用在完全不同的領域。
Terminate 是動詞(好啦名詞就是terminator),是終結的意思,terminal當名詞有「終點站」的意思(王爾德拿來取笑某人在車站出生),飛機航廈也是terminal,電腦終端機也是terminal。當形容詞則是「末期的」(terminal cancer)。terminate 除了有「終結某事」的意思(terminate the contract),也用在形容終止妊娠(terminate the pregnancy)。所以termination 是abortion的另一個用法。學到這個字時就順便學非人工流產是miscarriage(懷孕失敗),衍生詞是miscarriage of justice(司法不公)。
記住「單字家族」和「多重意義」這兩個特性,遇到貌似熟悉的單字時藉由上下文「推測」單字的意思,而非直接查字典,或推測過後再查字典求證,會比直接查字典更印象深刻。
4. 以中文大量吸取知識
所謂知識包括一般知識與專長領域或興趣。當然,要用英文也可以,只是這部分用中文比較快。這是我覺得最重要的一點,有時候,單字背不起很可能是因為連這個單字的中文意思都不確定,不知道背景故事,或不知道那個概念的來源。例如我喜歡看《實習醫生》,所以我對各科別的英文名稱耳熟能詳,如果有人說他的專長是cardiovascular,我就知道cardio是心臟,vascular是血管,加起來就是心血管的。terminal、chronic、acute分別代表「末期」、「慢性病」和「急性」疾病,但terminal illness、chronic disease和acute illness有哪些例子?糖尿病屬於哪一種?闌尾炎屬於哪一種?這是不需要靠英文也可以學得的知識,但在學英文時絕對會有幫助。
如果讀到一篇關於冷戰的英文文章,事先知道冷戰的背景一定比完全不知道要來得容易,也比較容易猜測、記憶單字的意思。
我不知道市面上的英文學習書提供什麼樣的學習建議,以上是我的經驗談。我覺得學英文是多方面齊步並進的,沒有單一訣竅,關鍵在於保持好奇心,把自己當成海綿吸取知識,永遠不嫌多,就會變得很厲害了。
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2萬的網紅賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual,也在其Youtube影片中提到,終於有逐字稿 & 例句翻譯: · 點下列連結,並看「計畫更新」,有免費公開的逐字稿喔! · 也可以直接搜尋「賓狗 嘖嘖」唷 傳送門: https://www.zeczec.com/projects/bingobilingual 1【signatory 簽署人;簽署國】— 名詞 China is...
「increase形容詞」的推薦目錄:
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- 關於increase形容詞 在 翻譯這檔事 Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於increase形容詞 在 Alexander Wang 王梓沅英文 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於increase形容詞 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於increase形容詞 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於increase形容詞 在 學英文- 【實用文法】 連綴動詞:go/ get/ become/ grow/ turn + ... 的評價
- 關於increase形容詞 在 雪薇英文 - YouTube 的評價
increase形容詞 在 翻譯這檔事 Facebook 的最佳貼文
馬英九以習近平為「他的(中國)國家主席」?疏忽還是惡搞?
剛剛在批踢踢英文板看到有人問([1]):原來英文中,一國的總統可以稱另一國總統為「his/her 國名形容詞 president」?真有這個用法?並指出有兩個媒體這麼寫:
1. (某新聞網站的圖片說明 [2]) Cuba's President Raul Castro, left, stands with his U.S. President Barack Obama.
古巴總統卡斯楚與「他的」美國總統歐巴馬並肩而站(?)
2. (美國之聲VOA學英文網站的文字稿 [3]) Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou told his Chinese president Xi Jinping that he was worried about China’s missiles deployed across the Taiwan Strait.
台灣總統馬英九告訴「他的」中國國家主席習近平……(?)
以上兩個英文說法若成立,則意味著歐巴馬對卡斯楚,或習近平對馬英九,是上對下、尊對卑、君對臣、中央對地方的關係。(但地方政府怎會有「總統」?)
但我認爲這英文的說法是不恰當的、是錯誤的,適當的說法應該是: his U.S. counterpart、his Chinese counterpart 才對,差了一字,含義大變。改成 counterpart 就讓雙方變成對等關係,這也才是外界對國家領袖的認知:關係對等。
卡斯楚的例子,我不好說什麼,只能說該圖片說明或許是一時筆誤,或者,該記者英文有問題。
馬英九的例子,則找到答案:各位聽一聽同一網頁中語音檔的唸稿,記者「巧妙地」把 his Chinese president Xi 唸成 Chinese president Xi,沒有不該有的 his,這表示該記者發覺文字稿有誤;或者也可能,記者本來製播時就是唸 Chinese president Xi,卻被哪個聽寫人誤寫還是惡搞,加上足以引起爭端的 his?這區區一個小字,錯得可真要命唷!
以下是VOA全文:
Leaders from Taiwan and China met Saturday for the first time since the end of the civil war in China, more than 65 years ago.
The meeting was an effort to create goodwill between the two sides. In the past seven years, ties between the sides have increased. However, some Taiwanese say those ties have not resulted in economic gains or greater security.
China claimed sovereignty over self-ruled Taiwan when it formed the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Relations were icy until 2008. The two sides agreed to link the two economies.
Today in Taiwan, people are unclear about the benefits of the relationship. The island’s economy shrank in the third quarter of this year.
Many Taiwanese wanted progress from the meeting. Liu Yi-jiun is a public affairs professor at Fo Guang University in Taiwan. He said there were high expectations because these two leaders had never met. He said, after two years of planning, political and economic concessions were promised but none were seen.
Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou told his Chinese president Xi Jinping that he was worried about China’s missiles deployed across the Taiwan Strait. <== 這句話無故多了個「his」
He also said people in Taiwan were frustrated that China was blocking Taiwan’s foreign relations. China has 170 allies compared with 22 for Taiwan. This difference lets China keep Taiwan from developing its diplomacy further.
In response to Taiwan’s concerns about missiles, Xi Jinping said Saturday China’s missiles were not aimed at Taiwan.
However, economic concerns remain. Taiwan has signed free-trade agreements with Singapore and New Zealand. Both countries have relations with the two sides. But China has blocked Taiwan from joining the United Nations or other international organizations.
Taiwanese officials say deals with China have created 9,600 jobs among a population of 23 million. Agreements that opened tourism brought a total 2.8 million mainland Chinese to the island last year. That is up from almost no tourism in 2007.
Trade deals also have helped increase total imports and exports to $130 billion last year.
China remains Taiwan’s largest trading partner. And it is the top receiver of Taiwanese foreign investment.
Some people complain the benefits of 23 deals with mainland China covering trade and other areas are reaching mainly the owners of big companies.
In Taiwan’s capital markets, investment from China amounts to only a fraction of the island government’s quota, or the amount permitted.
Tseng Ming-chung is Chairman of the Financial Supervisory Commission in Taiwan. He said Friday that the Taiwanese government has approved almost every application for investment from China.
He says the amount of money is extremely small. He adds that the Taiwanese government is not refusing applications. Tseng says mainland Chinese institutions cannot freely set up qualified domestic institutional investors.
China insists on eventual unification with Taiwan. However, public opinion polls show most Taiwanese oppose that goal.
Nathan Liu says the future of relations between the sides is unclear.
“…They think that at least by the end of Ma’s term the two sides should at least reach some kind of agreement,” he said. He noted that, an understanding that the sides are going toward common goals is needed, although it may not be a signed agreement. “This is not complete yet,” he said.
President Ma Ying-jeou has supported closer ties with mainland China. But he and his KMT party have lost support. He must step down next year because of term limits.
A backlash against economic deals with China started mass street protests in March 2014. That anger has given the island’s top opposition party candidate a lead in opinion polls ahead of the January presidential election. Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party has been highly critical of President Ma’s dealings with China.
Experts say the Saturday leadership summit appears not to have done enough to change voter opinion.
I’m Mario Ritter.
Ralph Jennings reported this story from Taipei. Mario Ritter adapted it for Learning English. Kathleen Struck was the editor.
increase形容詞 在 Alexander Wang 王梓沅英文 Facebook 的最讚貼文
★ 在麥肯錫、Google、微軟、Goldman Sachs上班的人也會犯的英文錯誤: 台灣外商公司主管員工 12 大英文email 文法錯誤 ★
1. "Please give me your mail." "那東西我等等mail給你"
解析: mail 是請郵差送; 若意指電子郵件,務必說 email
2. "Thank you for the constructive feedbacks."
解析: feedback 是不可數名詞,不可以加 s
3. "Here are some advices for you."
解析: advice 是不可數名詞,不可能 'are' 也不可加 s
4. "We can discuss about it in the meeting."
解析: discuss 正常為及物動詞,不需要加 about
(正確) We can discuss it in the meeting.
5. "I greatly appreciate you for your attending the annual meeting."
解析: appreciate 跟 thank 不一樣,appreciate 後面只能加事情,不能加人
6. "Thank you for providing us so much useful information."
解析: provide 的正確用法為 provide sb with sth 因此要改成:
Thank you for providing us with so much useful information.
7. "The holiday season always reminds me what is truly important in life: family and friends."
解析: remind 的正確用法為 remind sb of sth 因此要改成:
"......always reminds me of what is truly important in life: family and friends."
8. "Congratulations for the pay increase you got from your supervisor."
解析:congratulate (v.) 這字的用法為 congratulations to sb on sth 恭喜某事的介係詞用 on 不用 for
(例) Congratulations on your forthcoming wedding.
9. 某公司 (P&G, HTC, Google)、組織、單位、學校 (Harvard University) 的所有格用單數 its 不用 their (代名詞是 it 不是 they) ---用複數不合邏輯,
中文的 "它們有很好的課程" "它們的炸雞很好吃" 的它們為邏輯謬誤。
(這個錯誤部分美國人也會犯)
10. 和客戶見完面說: It's great meeting you. 不說 It's great to meet you. 同樣的,假如昨天跟客戶講電話, 應該說 It was great talking with you on the phone yesterday. 不說 It was great to talk with you on the phone yesterday.
不定詞 to meet 是剛見面時使用的 (Nice to meet you!) 見完面用Nice meeting you.
11. Detail 的用法:
(誤) For more detail, please contact Robinson at xxx-xxxxx, or email xxx@uuuuuuu.
---詳細內容通常不止一項,所以要加s "For more details, ...."
Detail 當形容詞時要加 ed:
(誤) I will provide you with some detail information.
(正確) I will provide you with some detailed information.
但當 detail 用在介詞片語 in detail 時,不加s
I will explain it to you in detail.
12. "I wish that you can come join us."
I wish 加 that 字句時,是承接不可能發生的事情。如果是可能發生的事情,用 hope: "I hope that you can come join us."
不然意思會改變,變成已知道對方不可能加入: "I wish (that) you could come join us."
若 wish 後面加 to V. 時,可看作正式的 want
"I wish to....” 似 “I want to..."
increase形容詞 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最佳解答
終於有逐字稿 & 例句翻譯:
· 點下列連結,並看「計畫更新」,有免費公開的逐字稿喔!
· 也可以直接搜尋「賓狗 嘖嘖」唷
傳送門: https://www.zeczec.com/projects/bingobilingual
1【signatory 簽署人;簽署國】— 名詞
China is not a signatory to the International Criminal Court.
2 【variant 變種】- 名詞
A new variant of coronavirus may contribute to a rapid increase of infections in the UK.
3【frontline 第一線的】— 形容詞
Frontline workers are receiving the first US vaccines against COVID-19.
4【formality 走個形式】— 名詞
The meeting of the US electoral college is usually a formality.
5【parkette 小公園】— 名詞(加拿大英語)
Toronto will establish the space as a parkette to preserve this beautiful oak.
簡單複習:
1)signatory 簽署人;簽署國
2)variant 變種
3)frontline 第一線的
4)formality 例行公事
5)parkette 小公園
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increase形容詞 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的精選貼文
#記得開CC字幕
更多英文學習資源,來看我們的嘖嘖訂閱:https://www.zeczec.com/projects/bingobilingual
· 全英文 podcast
· 視訊家教
· 不定時線上課程
1 【appreciate 欣賞】- 動詞
欣賞、感謝、價值提高
怎麼聯想(抓住「欣賞」,從這裡出發)
欣賞、感謝 appreciate + 人事物
·appreciate the music
·Thanks for coming. I appreciate it.
價值提高:事物 + appreciate
·Your property has appreciated over the years.
2 【appreciative 欣賞而享受的】— 形容詞
欣賞而享受的;感激的
(聯想:感謝這位表演人員)
欣賞而享受的
· The audience was appreciative.
感激的
· be appreciative of 事物
3 【appreciation 欣賞】- 名詞
欣賞;感謝;價值提高
(整組從動詞帶過來)
4 【appreciable 可觀的】- 形容詞
成長幅度 / 變化很明顯
an appreciable increase
an appreciable effect
5 【depreciate 輕視】- 動詞
輕視;價值降低
輕視 depreciate my contribution
價值降低:事物 depreciate
·shares depreciate 股票價值降低(股價下跌)
increase形容詞 在 雪薇英文 - YouTube 的推薦與評價
Egg prices increased 70% over the last year|英文新聞365 #雪薇英文 ... (線上課程試看片) 多益必考文法| 詞類題| 名詞、形容詞、動詞、副詞變化| TOEIC Part 5 ... ... <看更多>
increase形容詞 在 學英文- 【實用文法】 連綴動詞:go/ get/ become/ grow/ turn + ... 的推薦與評價
【實用文法】 連綴動詞:go/ get/ become/ grow/ turn +形容詞表示"變成" 例如: get excited 激動起來go wild發瘋= go crazy = go mad grow old 變老get mad 生氣turn ... ... <看更多>