關於 pn營養 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

#臨床指引懶人包 #熱騰騰
一週前ESPEN公布的關於肥胖者預防與治療COVID-19的營養建議
完整筆記👉https://bit.ly/3qxoUcd
#重點摘錄
📌肥胖者感染COVID-19的風險高且容易出現不良預後
📌需注意肥胖個案的營養狀況，尤其是年長者和有多重疾病的肥胖個案
📌若肥胖個案有額外導致營養不良、嚴重感染的危險因子，例如年齡較大、多重疾病，則建議應進行營養篩檢
📌營養不良風險高者應進行營養評估與診斷，並給予營養支持以優化個案的營養狀況
📌營養支持：能由口進食就由口進食；進食量不夠就使用口服營養補充品（ONS），若仍不夠滿足營養目標則給予EN；EN不足或有EN禁忌症則應考慮PN
📌須確保個案之蛋白質、熱量與微量營養素足夠（建議量如圖中所示）
——————————————�
瞭解營養，你就會發現世界上沒有不營養的食物！
🎈Vivian的職涯歷程 https://bit.ly/3pzwimm
🎈秒懂營養學 https://bit.ly/32gNvXM�
🎈擔心錯過臉書發文？歡迎加入營養電子報計畫 https://bit.ly/35EASI6
#台灣營養師 #海外台灣人的好朋友 #台灣營養師Vivian #秒懂營養學團隊

🔹2021虱目魚季上線囉🔹
這次很榮幸能夠與漁業署合作
一起推廣臺灣優質的新鮮魚貨🐟🚛

因為疫情導致農漁業進出口貿易受到嚴重的影響
👇🏼👇🏼在這裡AS誠信推薦您👇🏼👇🏼
既能吃到新鮮漁貨也可以幫助農漁民度過疫情
讓我們一起攜手度過難關🤝❤️

🔗網址-https://gofish.waca.tw/
💙防疫期間，降低接觸風險💙
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🌸推廣影片稍等會上傳🌸
愛台灣的寶貝們動動手指分享讓愛傳出去吧🌟
您的分享也能為臺灣盡一份心力🙋🏻‍♀️

https://www.fa.gov.tw/cht/NewsPaper/content.aspx?id=2772&chk=e0c0838b-7f46-4a57-aa3f-55a6cf1116f9¶m=pn%3d1%26yy%3d2021%26mm%3d

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《媽媽寶寶》+《孕媽媽》合併版部份精彩內容包括：
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今日來賓
敏盛醫院副院長 江坤俊
營養師 宋明樺
生機飲食專家 王明勇
中醫師 吳明珠
侍茶師學院創辦人 池宗憲

現在訂閱《健康2.0》➔https://bit.ly/2IBSoRr
TVBS新聞台(56台) 每週二、三、五上午10點，週六、週日晚間7點！
主持人：鄭凱云、江坤俊、韋汝
看更多健康文章資訊：https://health.tvbs.com.tw/
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提倡一種新的生活態度，透過動畫宣導"動物權利"！

感謝【台灣素食營養學會】整理資料、提供贊助
【台灣素食營養學會 官網】http://www.twvns.org/
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【補充資料】
豆腐補鈣，鹽滷、石膏哪種好 http://goo.gl/MWcs7w
今天的鈣夠了嗎 http://goo.gl/xGUOe7
蔬食鈣高尚 https://goo.gl/Mz2fkB
素食者是否該喝牛奶 http://goo.gl/NSDmQN

1. 喝牛奶增加死亡率、骨折率 （瑞典研究）：
Michaëlsson K, Wolk A, Langenskiöld S, Basu S, Warensjö Lemming E, Melhus H, Byberg L. Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men: cohort studies. BMJ. 2014 Oct 28;349:g6015.

2. 青少年喝奶量與老年時的骨折率：
Feskanich D, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Frazier AL, Willett WC. Milk consumption during teenage years and risk of hip fractures in older adults. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Jan;168(1):54-60. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3821.

3. 其他喝牛奶與骨折的研究：
Bolland MJ, Leung W, Tai V, Bastin S, Gamble GD, Grey A, Reid IR. Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review. BMJ. 2015 Sep 29;351:h4580. doi:10.1136/bmj.h4580. Review.

Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Baron JA, Kanis JA, Orav EJ, Staehelin HB, Kiel DP, Burckhardt P, Henschkowski J, Spiegelman D, Li R, Wong JB, Feskanich D, Willett WC. Milk intake and risk of hip fracture in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Apr;26(4):833-9.

4. D-半乳糖：
Hao L, Huang H, Gao J, Marshall C, Chen Y, Xiao M. The influence of gender, age and treatment time on brain oxidative stress and memory impairment induced by d­galactose in mice. Neurosci Lett 2014;571C:45­9.

Cui X, Wang L, Zuo P, Han Z, Fang Z, Li W, et al. D-­galactose ­caused life shortening in Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica is associated with oxidative stress. Biogerontology 2004;5:317­25.

5. IGF-1相關：
Cao Y, Nimptsch K, Shui IM, Platz EA, Wu K, Pollak MN, Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci EL. Prediagnostic plasma IGFBP-1, IGF-1 and risk of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 2015 May 15;136(10):2418-26. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29295. Epub
2014 Nov 10.

Ma J, Giovannucci E, Pollak M, Chan JM, Gaziano JM, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ. Milk intake, circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, and risk of colorectal cancer in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:1330–6.

Qin LQ, He K, Xu JY. Milk consumption and circulating insulin-like growth factor-I level: a systematic literature review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009;60(Suppl 7):330–40.

Allen NE, Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ. Hormones and diet: low insulin-like growth factor-I but normal bioavailable androgens in vegan men. Br J Cancer 2000;83:95–7.

6. 攝護腺癌：
Aune D, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Chan DS, Vieira AR, Vieira R, Greenwood DC, Vatten LJ, Norat T. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Jan;101(1):87-117.

7. 牛乳與便秘：
Andiran F, Dayi S, Mete E. Cows milk consumption in constipation and anal fissure in infants and young children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003 Jul;39(5):329-31.

Irastorza I, Ibañez B, Delgado-Sanzonetti L, Maruri N, Vitoria JC. Cow's-milk-free diet as a therapeutic option in childhood chronic constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Aug;51(2):171-6.

Carroccio A, Mansueto P, Morfino G, D'Alcamo A, Di Paola V, Iacono G, Soresi M, Scerrino G, Maresi E, Gulotta G, Rini G, Bonventre S. Oligo-antigenic diet in the treatment of chronic anal fissures. Evidence for a relationship between food hypersensitivity and anal fissures. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 May;108(5):825-32.

Dehghani SM, Ahmadpour B, Haghighat M, Kashef S, Imanieh MH, Soleimani M. The Role of Cow's Milk Allergy in Pediatric Chronic Constipation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Iran J Pediatr. 2012 Dec;22(4):468-74.

8. 牛乳與青春痘：

Melnik BC. Evidence for acne-promoting effects of milk and other insulinotropic dairy products. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2011;67:131-45.

9. 鈣質吸收率：
Weaver CM, Plawecki KL. Dietary calcium: adequacy of a vegetarian diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 May;59(5 Suppl):1238S-1241S. Review.

Weaver CM, Proulx WR, Heaney R. Choices for achieving adequate dietary calcium with a vegetarian diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;70(3 Suppl):543S-548S. Review.

10.溫室氣體排放：
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/lead/themes0/climate/emissions/en/