【怪你過分美麗?介紹 Ocean Vuong ‧ On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous】🌈
一看書名,已覺得「文藝」吧?我不算文藝,更不懂文學,但近年不少亞裔小說家在美、英等國家嶄露頭角,剛好我留意到作者的名字,和他大獲好評的首本小說作品,就看看吧,感覺一新。
說是小說,其實是作者的回憶,以「給母親的信」方式寫成,以自己、母親和祖母的一連串經歷和感受,穿插而成,像紐約時報書評形容,本書並非帶領讀者「以思想達致感受」,而是「從感觀令我們思考」。的確,在短短兩百多頁的「信」,讀者完全進入了作者的感觀和思想世界。
Vuong 非常年輕,1988年生,2019年出版本書前,已經是位年青得獎詩人,在美國大學任教。他在出生於越南,與母親、祖母等家人途經菲律賓,以難民身分在美國東北康涅狄格州 Hartford 市定居,中學後去紐約升學,讀了幾個星期「市場推廣」,不能接受這教「對人講大話」的學科,結果改為學習英文寫作。本書內容也是他的成長回憶,他母親和祖母的故事,還有他的初戀男孩。
Vuong 顯然是一個個性內向、溫柔甚至纖弱的小男孩,自己和家人連英文也未曉,就到了美國這個東北中型城市,就是面對種族歧視、貧窮環境下,也許都不太清楚在發生什麼事。他說,從母親那裡學到,因為言語不通,對任何人打招呼的第一句話,是「sorry」(對不起),不是「hello」什麼,但這也不是因為自卑,就是這樣習慣罷了。(有點像我們係唔係都先說「唔好意思」?)
母親和祖母飽受戰火傷害,都有她們傷痛的過去,影響一生。書中比喻,帝王蝶每年由加拿大遷徙去墨西哥,有些中途停了下來,不能完成,就離開世界了,就是完成了的,他們短短生命中,也永遠不會能回家。至於書中下半部較多描述他發現和探索自己的性別身分,及十分深情和細膩地描述他的愛人,一個與他自己一樣溫柔,但更不幸運的美國男孩。
作者在書中於文體上作了多種不同嘗試,包括部分以近似詩詞(poem)方式表達,而且在文字上對不少字語給他的個人感受,都描繪得很仔細。即使他很小時候已經學習英語,始終英語對他是第二語言,不知是否因為這理由,他對英文甚至個別詞語像是比英語為母語者更客觀地、更敏感地感受,溶入他的思想中。
例如,他問,文字和藝術,為什麼要充滿毀滅,不能以「重生」(regeneration)正面地形容?
//You kill that poem, we say. You're a killer. You came into that novel guns blazing. I am hammering them out, we say. I owned that workshop. I shut it down. I crushed them. We smashed the competition. I'm wrestling with the muse. The state, where people live, is a battleground state. The audience a target audience. "Good for you, man," a man once said to me in a party, "you're making a killing with poetry. You're knocking 'em dead."//
真的,過往沒留意,英文裡,「成功」、「做得好」的代名詞、助語詞等,多是充滿暴力和殺戮的。只是英文這個語言,還是反映人性的一面?為什麼要這樣?還有,我們有沒有留意或想過:
//It's not fair that the word laughter is trapped inside slaughter.//
「Trapped inside」。如此的形容!
Vuong 寫的是感受,但在書中有兩個地方突然「認真」地點出兩個社會問題。第一個是問,為甚麼多種族混血的著名高爾夫球手 Tiger Woods,多數人都只說他是位黑人(非洲裔美國人),而不提他也是亞裔美國人?原來,他父親的經歷和把兒子命名 Tiger 的背後,也有個與越南不可分割的感人故事。另一個他提出的問題,是美國藥廠以混有海洛英成分的止痛藥導致的嚴重公眾健康、成癮和吸毒問題,藥廠大賺,政府管理無方,變相官商勾結,大量民眾成為「北美病夫/婦」。這兩個,都是他身受其害,割肉之痛的問題,也許他也想用他的文字,引起多一些關注。
本書據說正在改編電影,始終關於同性戀、移民、亞裔美國人等熱門字眼,荷里活有興趣也無可厚非,但相信電影難以影像代替作者文字的效果,但希望可以表達 Vuong 眼中的美麗吧。On earth we're briefly gorgeous -- 在這世界我們總能短暫美麗。令我不禁想起,只怕《怪你過分美麗》。
#OceanVuong #OnEarthWeReBrieflyGorgeous
#和你讀
#光讀書 #書評 #讀書
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過23萬的網紅Hey It's Dena,也在其Youtube影片中提到,跟我一起追劇八:DDD FB: http://www.facebook.com/denachmusic ▶ OPEN FOR MORE INFO! /更多資訊在↓↓ -------------------------------------------------✧ ▶ more videos/...
「i'm dead意思」的推薦目錄:
i'm dead意思 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
[翻轉視界 8]逃離禁錮之地:離開北韓我學會自由與憐憫
“If you don't know the words, that means you don't understand the concept, and therefore, you don't even realize that concept is even a possibility.” —— human rights activist Yeonmi Park。
「如果你不知道某些詞彙,那就意味著你並不了解某些概念,因此你也不會意識到,那些概念可以是一種可能。」——人權鬥士朴延美
對出逃前的她而言,自由與溫飽是很奢侈的理念,更無法了解「愛」的全貌。當我們無法得知世界發生了什麼,無法想像那超越自身認知的世界,我們便無法真正地同理他人。今天我想邀請大家,以不同的角度,重新感受自由、溫飽與愛的可貴。
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I was born in 1993 in the northern part of North Korea, in a town called Hyesan, which is on the border with China. I had loving parents and one older sister. Before I was even 10 years old, my father was sent to a labor camp for engaging in illegal trading. Now, by "illegal trading" -- he was selling clogs, sugar, rice and later copper to feed us. In 2007, my sister and I decided to escape. She was 16 years old, and I was 13 years old.
1. on the border with 鄰近邊界
2. labor camp 勞改營
3. illegal trading 非法的交易
1993年我出生在北韓的北部,一個名叫惠山的小鎮,鄰近中國邊界。我有愛我的父母與一位姐姐。在我10歲大的時候,父親就被送去勞改營,因為他非法買賣一些東西。所謂的非法買賣,其實他是賣一些木鞋、糖、米,之後還賣了銅,只為了餵飽我們。2007年,姐姐和我決定逃跑。她當時16歲,而我13歲。
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I need you to understand what the word "escape" means in the context of North Korea. We were all starving, and hunger means death in North Korea. So it was the only option for us. I didn't even understand the concept of escape, but I could see the lights from China at night, and I wondered if I go where the light is, I might be able to find a bowl of rice. It's not like we had a grand plan or maps. We did not know anything about what was going to happen. Imagine your apartment building caught fire. I mean, what would you do? Would you stay there to be burned, or would you jump off out of the window and see what happens? That's what we did. We jumped out of the house instead of the fire.
4. in the context of 在⋯⋯的情境中
5. concept 概念;觀念;思想
6. a grand plan 一個遠大的計畫
7. catch fire 著火
你們要知道,「逃跑」這兩字在北韓意味著什麼。我們天天挨餓,而飢餓在北韓意味著死亡。所以逃跑是我們唯一的選擇。我當時還不了解逃跑是什麼意思,但晚上我能看見中國那邊的燈光,我想著如果我能到有光的地方,也許就能找到一碗飯。我們沒有什麼遠大的計畫或地圖。我們完全不知道,接下來會發生什麼事。想像一下,你的公寓失火了,你會怎麼辦?你會坐以待斃,還是跳窗然後再看著辦?我們就是那樣。我們從大樓上跳了下來, 而不是等火燒上來。
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North Korea is unimaginable. It's very hard for me when people ask me what it feels like to live there. To be honest, I tell you: you can't even imagine it. The words in any language can't describe, because it's a totally different planet, as you cannot imagine your life on Mars right now. For example, the word "love" has only one meaning: love for the Dear Leader. There's no concept of romantic love in North Korea. And if you don't know the words, that means you don't understand the concept, and therefore, you don't even realize that concept is even a possibility.
8. unimaginable 無法想像
9. no concept of... 沒有⋯的概念
10. romantic love 浪漫愛
北韓是難以想像的。對我來說,要回答住在北韓是什麼感覺,非常困難。老實說,我可以告訴各位——你無從想像。沒有任何語言可以描述,因為那是個截然不同的星球,就像你現在無法想像自己在火星上的生活一樣。比如說,「愛」只有一個意思:愛偉大的領袖。在北韓沒有那種浪漫之愛的概念。如果你不知道某些詞彙,那就意味著你並不了解某些概念,因此你也不會意識到,那些概念可以是一種可能。
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Let me give you another example. Growing up in North Korea, we truly believed that our Dear Leader is an almighty god who can even read my thoughts. I was even afraid to think in North Korea. We are told that he's starving for us, and he's working tirelessly for us, and my heart just broke for him. When I escaped to South Korea, people told me that he was actually a dictator, he had cars, many, many resorts, and he had an ultraluxurious life. And then I remember looking at a picture of him, realizing for the first time that he is the largest guy in the picture. And it hit me. Finally, I realized he wasn't starving. But I was never able to see that before, until someone told me that he was fat.
11. an almighty god 一個全能的神
12. tirelessly 不屈不撓地;堅忍地
13. a dictator 獨裁者
14. it hit me 突然想到、意識到 
15. resort 度假地(此處係指北韓獨裁者有很多度假別墅)
16. ultraluxurious 極其奢華的
17. have a…life 過著⋯⋯的生活
讓我再舉一個例子。在北韓長大,我們真心相信我們偉大的領袖是全能的神,他甚至能看穿我在想什麼。我在北韓甚至不敢思考。我們聽說他為我們挨餓、不眠不休地為我們工作,而我為此感到心痛。我逃到南韓後,有人跟我說他其實是獨裁者,他有很多車、很多很多渡假別墅,他的生活極為奢華。我記得自己看著一張有他的照片,第一次意識到他是照片裡體型最大的那個。這件事讓我大受打擊。那時我才終於了解,他沒有挨餓。但我以前總無法看清這些,直到有人跟我說他很胖,我才恍然大悟。
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Really, someone had to teach me that he was fat. If you have never practiced critical thinking, then you simply see what you're told to see. The biggest question also people ask me is: "Why is there no revolution inside North Korea? Are we dumb? Why is there no revolution for 70 years of this oppression?" And I say: If you don't know you're a slave, if you don't know you're isolated or oppressed, how do you fight to be free? I mean, if you know you're isolated, that means you are not isolated. Not knowing is the true definition of isolation, and that's why I never knew I was isolated when I was in North Korea. I literally thought I was in the center of the universe.
18. critical thinking 批判性思考
19. revolution 革命
20. dumb 愚蠢的*
21. oppression 壓迫;壓制;欺壓
22. isolated and oppressed 與世隔絕的與被壓迫的
真的,要有人教我,他這樣叫做胖。如果你沒學過批判性思考,你看到的就只會是別人跟你說的。其他人對我提出的大哉問還有:「為何北韓沒有革命?我們傻嗎?為何歷經70年的壓迫,卻沒人發動革命?」我回答:「如果你不知道自己是奴隸,不知道自己被與世隔絕、壓迫,你要如何為自由而戰?我的意思是,如果你知道自己被與世隔絕,那就表示你並非真的與世隔絕。與世隔絕的真正定義是無知,所以我從不知道,在北韓的我與世隔絕。我真的以為我們是宇宙的中心。
*dumb: https://bit.ly/3fG5XOk
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So here is my idea worth spreading: a lot of people think humans inherently know what is right and wrong, the difference between justice and injustice, what we deserve and we don't deserve. I tell them: BS. Everything, everything must be taught, including compassion. If I see someone dying on the street right now, I will do anything to save that person. But when I was in North Korea, I saw people dying and dead on the streets. I felt nothing. Not because I'm a psychopath, but because I never learned the concept of compassion. Only, I felt compassion, empathy and sympathy in my heart after I learned the word "compassion" and the concept, and I feel them now.
23. inherently 與生俱來地
24. justice and injustice 正義與不義
25. psychopath 精神病患者
26. compassion, empathy and sympathy 憐憫、同理與同情*
我覺得值得分享的想法是:很多人以為,人類生來就能分辨是非對錯,懂得正義與邪惡的差別,我們值得被怎樣對待。我跟他們說:放屁。所有的事,所有的事都得經過教導,包含憐憫。如果我現在看見有人在路邊奄奄一息,我會不顧一切來救他。但我在北韓的時候,會眼睜睜看著有人橫死街頭,卻沒有任何感覺。並非因為我是心理病態,而是我從未學過憐憫的概念。只有在我的內心感受到憐憫、同理與同情,我才學會「憐憫」一詞與其概念,而如今我已能感受到這些。
*compassion: a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck of others and a wish to help them
empathy: the ability to share someone else's feelings or experiences by imagining what it would be like to be in that person's situation
sympathy: (an expression of) understanding and care for someone else's suffering
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Now I live in the United States as a free person.
現在我以自由人的身分住在美國。
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And recently, the leader of the free country, our President Trump, met with my former god. And he decided human rights is not important enough to include in his agendas, and he did not talk about it. And it scares me. We live in a world right now where a dictator can be praised for executing his uncle, for killing his half brother, killing thousands of North Koreans. And that was worthy of praise. And also it made me think: perhaps we all need to be taught something new about freedom now. Freedom is fragile. I don't want to alarm you, but it is. It only took three generations to make North Korea into George Orwell's "1984." It took only three generations. If we don't fight for human rights for the people who are oppressed right now who don't have a voice, as free people here, who will fight for us when we are not free? Machines? Animals? I don't know.
27. agenda 議程
28. be praised for 因⋯⋯獲得讚揚
29. execute (v.) 處決
30. worthy of sth 適合某物或具有某物的特徵
31. fragile 脆弱
最近,自由國度的領袖,我們的川普總統,和我以前的神會面。他認定,人權沒那麼重要,不需排進議程中,所以對此他隻字不提。這嚇壞我了。我們竟身在一個獨裁者處決伯父還能獲得讚揚的世界裡,他殺害同父異母的哥哥、殺害成千上萬的北韓人民,竟還能得到讚揚。這不禁使我開始思考,也許我們現在都要學習自由的新涵義。自由很脆弱。我不想嚇你,但事實如此。短短三個世代,就讓北韓淪為喬治.歐威爾筆下的《1984》。只花了三個世代。如果我們不為人權而戰,不為受壓迫、不為無法發聲的人而戰,當身為自由人的我們不自由時,誰還願意為我們而戰?機器嗎?動物嗎?我不知道。
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I think it's wonderful that we care about climate change, animal rights, gender equality, all of these things. The fact that we care about animals' rights, that means that's how beautiful our heart is, that we care about someone who cannot speak for themselves. And North Koreans right now cannot speak for themselves. They don't have internet in the 21st century. We don't have electricity, and it is the darkest place on earth right now. Now I want to say something to my fellow North Koreans who are living in that darkness. They might not believe this, but I want to tell them that an alternative life is possible. Be free.
32. speak for oneself 為某人發聲
33. alternative life 另一種生活
我覺得我們能關心氣候變遷、動物權益、性別平等諸如此類之事,真的很美好。因為,我們關心動物權益,就代表了我們的心地有多善良,也代表我們關心無法為自己發聲的對象。北韓人民現在無法為自己發聲。身處21世紀的他們,沒有網路可用。我們沒有電,那裡是當今地球上最暗的地方。現在我想告訴那些生活在北韓黑暗中的同胞。也許他們不會相信我,但我想告訴他們,生命仍有其他可能——意即自由的生活。
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From my experience, literally anything is possible. I was bought, I was sold as a slave. But now I'm here, and that is why I believe in miracles. The one thing that I learned from history is that nothing is forever in this world. And that is why we have every reason to be hopeful. Thank you.
34. slave 奴隸
35. miracle 奇蹟
就我的經驗,真的什麼事都有可能發生。我被人買走,賣給別人當奴隸。但我現在在這裡,這也就是為什麼我相信奇蹟。我從歷史上學到的一件事,就是世上沒有什麼是永恆的。而這也是我們無論如何都能懷有希望的原因。謝謝大家。
資訊出處:https://bit.ly/32p5HiK
圖片出處:https://bit.ly/32n2zEe
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如何增進同理心:https://bit.ly/34qSKnC
#ChangingPerspectives
#翻轉視界
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翻轉視界系列文章: https://bit.ly/3fPvKUs
i'm dead意思 在 榕幫 Banyan Gang Facebook 的最佳貼文
|《盲點》無雷推薦文|
大家好,我是CJ,昨天很開心受到 CATCHPLAY 邀請,去參加 9/21 即將在台灣上映的電影《盲點》的試片。第一次收到這種邀請,感到有點不好意思。
在這個長文可能大家不會讀完的年代,先說重點:「相當推薦觀賞。」接下來再讓我和大家談談為什麼會推薦這部電影吧!
我先道歉,參加試片前功課做不夠,看到官方的介紹說是「嘻哈電影」,原以為會是一部類似《卡特教頭》,在講年輕人追夢的同時,克服挑戰的感動片,而這次的夢則是從籃球換成饒舌。但實際上完全不是這樣子,我甚至覺得以「嘻哈電影」的名義去介紹這部片,有點失準。
實際上,《盲點》是一部在討論種族刻板印象的電影,而饒舌在片中,只是導演選擇的一個手法去呈現,在電影裡比例佔得相當小,卻顯得非常重要。故事大綱是主角 Collin 在緩刑處分的最後幾天,和好友 Miles 之間發生的事。劇情並沒有任何灑狗血的橋段,但卻很成功的透過相當寫實而不浮誇的片段,把本片最主要的兩大議題「種族刻板印象」以及「警察暴力」描繪得相當深刻。以我身為台灣人的背景,卻能透過這部電影,體會到對於這兩個幾乎是美國黑人專屬、而其他背景的人很可能沒有過的經驗,令我對這部電影相當佩服和喜愛。
但這部片在分類上,屬於「喜劇/劇情」,所以也不是一部很沈重,看了會心情很壓抑的電影。反而是如同上面所述,透過不狗血而平凡的故事,帶入了許多的小幽默,整體算是輕鬆而小巧可愛的片。對於觀眾的情緒以及帶入感,我覺得這部電影處理得相當相當好。
回到主題上,「種族刻板印象」以及「警察暴力」,正因為是美國黑人一直以來所面臨的壓迫,所以也在嘻哈文化中相當常見的主題。例如近年來很厲害的 Kendrick Lamar,就在《To Pimp A Butterfly》以及《DAMN.》兩張專輯裡對此做了很多討論,也都相當精彩。在觀影的時候,我時常想起〈Alright〉裡面提到的:
"Wouldn't you know
We been hurt, been down before
N***a, when our pride was low
Lookin' at the world like, "Where do we go?"
N***a, and we hate po-po
Wanna kill us dead in the street fo sho'
N***a, I'm at the preacher's door
My knees gettin' weak, and my gun might blow
But we gon' be alright"
以及〈DNA〉裡面的:
"I got, I got, I got, I got—
Loyalty, got royalty inside my DNA
Cocaine quarter piece, got war and peace inside my DNA
I got power, poison, pain and joy inside my DNA
I got hustle though, ambition flow inside my DNA
...
Sex, money, murder—our DNA"
這部電影彷彿正是為這兩段歌詞而拍,看完的朋友,相信會懂這份感受。
最後回到自己身上,其實寫饒舌歌或是做專輯,對我來說一直都認為很像是在拍電影。找到了自己想談論的主題,然後透過文字和音樂去把它傳遞給聽眾。在這過程中,你會去考量,要怎麼去說這件事,或許會以第一人稱書寫、又或是第三人稱來描述。也可能不會寫成故事,而是透過一些片段的描述,去搭建起一個氛圍----關於你所想傳遞的事情的氛圍。看完這部電影後,對於我們的下一張專輯,又多了些想法,很開心 CATCHPLAY 這次邀請我們去看,在這邊非常誠心的推薦給大家!
台灣有很多嘻哈相關的粉絲專頁都有在抽票,大家不妨去看看哦!說不定能抽中!
i'm dead意思 在 Hey It's Dena Youtube 的最佳貼文
跟我一起追劇八:DDD
FB: http://www.facebook.com/denachmusic
▶ OPEN FOR MORE INFO! /更多資訊在↓↓
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▶ more videos/熱門影片連結
Shouldn't Be Missing 自創曲: https://youtu.be/cT_bJ9oUhvw
How I learned English: https://youtu.be/ZgHqeOrW4_I
Last favorite shows ep 上次的推薦歐美劇: https://youtu.be/7Emplr6JxxU
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▶ extra content/補充內容
giveaway ends on Feb, 17th (UTC +8:00)
picking out FOUR people
抽獎截止日 2/17
會選四位哦!
*截止了哦! 贏家已經公開在我的Instagram現實上囉!
Netflix and Chill 這個片語呢其實是個流行雙關片語哦!
大家可能都有聽說過它是約炮的意思哈哈哈,算是這個“活動”所創造的天然機會演化出來的!但是其實,它也有單純只有字面上的意思哦! 也就是一起看劇放鬆耍廢!切記!女孩們!如果你在國外被不熟的外國人這樣約就要注意啊!!!非常極有可能會演化成約炮式!但如果你自己也喜歡他他也喜歡你並且約過幾次會了~或是這也是你要的,你就可以自己做決定!還是要記得周遭是要在安全安全安全的環境!!怎麼辦我好像大姊姊在碎碎念...
Netflix and Chill has two different meanings! One is (cough cough) the “activity” that Netflix and chilling ends up in most of the time haha, BUT! It also means the literal meaning! Just chilling!
1. Brooklyn 99 荒唐分局/神煩警探 (闔家觀賞。超級無敵好笑,可以大笑的那種)
2. Atypical 異類 (可愛有趣又可以有機會學會同理不一樣同學與家庭的環境與生活。適合至少高中+)
3. Drop Dead Diva 美女上錯身 (可愛有趣又有知識上增廣見聞。輕鬆版suits。適合國/高中/大學生+)
4. Lovesick (英國小品影集!超好笑!但是是小笑!18禁!)
5. Alias Grace 雙面葛蕾絲 (會有接二連三不斷看下去的魔力...目前第一季只有六集哦!可以直接追完!)
6. Suits 無照律師 (很多法律專有名詞!但是真的知識增長好多啊!劇情也非常精彩!適合大學生+)
7. Black Mirror 黑鏡 (每次看完都心情都灰灰的...但是劇情精彩!是部可以反思的劇!適合大學生+)(我自己沒有到超級喜歡因為不喜歡心理灰灰的感覺)
8. Narcos 毒梟 (有上台灣排行榜!適合高中、大學+)
9. House Of Cards 紙牌屋 (也有上台灣排行榜哦!適合高中、大學+)
* 完整大意心得都在影片中哦!適合觀看年齡是我的想法拉:D 個人認為黑鏡真的不適合太小的人看覺得很emo
#makeup
eyes: colourpop - you had me at hello
foundation: it cosmetics - color correcting full coverage cream - light
highlight & blush - freshO2 磚屬wall
lashes - loreal lash paradise
lips: nudestix - go girl
目前我身上幾個彩妝產品我真的太太太愛了!
#top
東區路邊攤
#accessories
earrings: h&m
necklace: kate spade
watch: DW - code "denachang" to get 15% off!
This video is not sponsored! However, thank you Netflix for providing the gifts!
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▶ social media/社群
Facebook Page/粉絲專頁
https://goo.gl/ygpXwC
Instagram
https://goo.gl/nAhXXu @dena_chang
old Youtube/舊頻道
https://goo.gl/J3tjka
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▶Business Inquiries/工作洽談
1. [email protected]
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新朋友嗎? 嗨我是Dena! 高中開始追求我的音樂之路,畢業於輔仁大學護理系! 畢業後終於有勇氣全程灌注去美國念音樂! 這個頻道是分享著我最真實的故事! 歡迎加入我的大家庭一起陪伴彼此成長! 頻道中提供著Dena留學分享、音樂作品、彩妝、生活實錄Vlog等等! 有時候還會來點英文教學哦!
Welcome to my channel! I'm a singer/songwriter based in Taiwan! This channel is pretty much about my current life, my experiences studying at Berklee College of Music in the states, things that I love(music and makeup!) AND you will be expecting a lot of some REALLY chatty videos... (you are warned)!
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♦ KEYWORDS: dena chang 張粹方 2017 生活紀錄 vlog taiwanese 康熙來了 網路 歌手 美國 Berklee School Of Music 英文歌 分享 music favorites favourites faves 小明星大跟班 憲哥 吳宗憲 uptown funk 自彈自唱 化妝 bruno mars how i learned english 輕鬆 學英文 教英文 美國 美式 腔調 留學 英語 教學 自學 education 台北 台灣 補習班 生活 lifestyle video
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